Jack the Ripper’s identity Essay

INTRODUCTIONIn imposing 1888 a killer who became k this instantn as jackfruit tree the Ripper move overted the root of a series of capital punishments. To this day the identity of the killer remains a mystery. Five women were bru persistent-leggedy killed in the East End of London, by a maniac who appeared to kill with turn up warning and with no remorse.Why was the Ripper equal to(p) to birth a expressive style with his murders? Why were the constabulary powerless to stop him? These are round of the questions that s ordinary treasury puzzle Ripperologists who search for labourer the Rippers identity till this day, looking in old archives and books.ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVESResearch and cause k without delayledge on The development of the legal philosophy crusades in Britain in the ordinal century. Law and arrange in London in the latterly ordinal century. Whitechapel in the ordinal century.With this noesis you should be able to answer the interest questions 1. Descr ibe law of temper and order in London in the after-hours ordinal century. (15 Marks)2. Why did the Whitechapel murders attract so much attention in 1888 (15 Marks)3. Why were law unable to overtake old salt the Ripper? (20 Marks) indecisionSQUESTION 1DESCRIBE LAW AND ORDER IN LONDON IN THE 19th CENTRY.(15 Marks)Law and order in London in the new-fangled ordinal century was at a developing level, with new acts introduced this century, the way law and order was dealt with changed as the century was coming to an end.During the early and mid nineteenth century, watchmen patrolled the streets of London and special constables- this was ineffective as the number of civilians supporting in London forbiddennumbered those watchmen and constables to a great level. However, the introduction of the new metropolitan law Force in 1829 was set up to change the situation.The new guard force put in place by Robert Peel, was first-class honours degree constructed of 3200 men, 17 division s, 4 inspectors and 144 constables. As with any major introduction of mostthing, thither were many early problems for the constabulary force.However, as the years past on, the metropolitan Police force agnizeed much experience, and was able to deal more efficaciously with defections of law and order. To gain the peoples popularity, the Police Force carefully chose the uniform for its constables. The force was given a blue uniform, with a tailcoat and a helmet, which replaced the tall hat in 1870. The blue colour of the uniform was chosen because Lond unitaryrs dislike seeing the redcoats of the army, as this was associated with violence. Blue was the colour of the navy, which was given hero stance because of their contribution to the British war effort. This, I cerebrate was a well first step for the Met as it made the people appreciate and prefer them.During the 1880s, the training of new guard force officers was unsatisfactory, much of the training was on the seam and constables could often start their duty the hobby day. Ill training meant some patrol officers were inexperienced and couldnt deal efficiently with umbrage. This led to many adventures as the patrol disobeyed instructions. Ill policing as well led to the serious incident named Bloody Sunday on the 13th November 1887. Above all, towards the end of the century, the legal philosophy were seen as discriminating against Londoners of the lower classes and favouring people in the middle and velocity class- this damaged their reputation.Detective work was also improved as the nineteenth century progressed. At first, there were tho two inspectors and six sergeants. It was feared that investigators would see and wrick too lenient with criminals and as a result of this- become corrupt. The late nineteenth century bought radical changes to detective work. In 1869, the field of study Criminal Record was set up and dealt with infamous criminals, thereby cut the number of crimes. The Detective plane section in London was revised in the late nineteenth century- this led to the creation of a Criminal Investigations Department (CID) in 1877. In a space of 5 years, the number of detectives development by 78, as did the number of arrests made.Increasing the number of detectives alone was non enough, as this didnt increase the efficiency of their work. The detectives had to change the methods which they utilize in the early and mid nineteenth century in dealing with disreputable crimes. The detective methods did so far change in 1879 in dealing with murder parts. Now, the soundbox of a victim was not removed from its murder site, or anything else to do with it. These changes in the detective department showed that law and order was macrocosm enforce more efficiently and more criminals were being put to justice than before.another(prenominal) aspect that increased the competence of detective work in the late nineteenth century was the introduction of forensic s, finger printing and the Alphonse Bertillon method of identification. With these methods, detectives were able to examine primary or secondary sources got to with a murderer or victim in order to gather up evidence and happen upon out who the murderer is. This was an important change because murderers could be identified not only by an obvious clue lying in the murder site- this consequently meant that murderers became more intimidated and frightened to carry out a kill.Overall, the development of the police force in London in the late nineteenth century can be described as improve but unsatisfactory. I turn over that the improvements made to restore law and order was still insufficient. With the population of London at that sequence being 5,255,069- I depend having only 1383 police officers on duty was ineffective. Regular patrols could not stop a determined criminal. The police force would need to increase its size by many clippings so as to lead resistance and intimidat e criminals. Being in its infant years, I see only clock will solve this matter because as cadence passes, there will be improvements in technology, the police will gain more experience and improve their methods of dealing with crime. With the jacklight the Ripper murders round the corner, a crime like this will be enough to show the police force what they are lacking, how they are lacking and what things need to be grown into consideration.QUESTION 2WHY DID THE WHITECHAPEL MURDERS ATTRACT SOMUCH aid IN 1888?(15 Marks)In the space of two months or so, the residents of Whitechapel were horrified at the five murders that occurred in their nation by a somewhat impenitent sexual back-to-back murderer that was un known and could not be found. The privy murderer, who came to name himself cuckoo the Ripper became the focus of the press and media in late 1888, and attracted so much attention as he committed his rather natural killings to prostitutes who lived on a day-to-day b asis.In each of the five murders that the Ripper carried out he brutally mutilated the prostitutes, taking out what ever organs out of their bodies using his debatable anatomical skill. In my opinion, I believe the Ripper did possess anatomical/surgical skill, as he was able to take out certain organs like the kidneys out of his victims bodies without causing meaningless cuts.He also utilise a long bladed knife similar to those used by surgeons while carrying out amputations. The Ripper used this skill while mutilating the bodies of Annie Chapman who had her small intestines withdrawn of her abdomen. Mary Kelly also had her internal organs removed because the Ripper had a lot of time to commit the mutilations as he was alone in a room and could rescue his privacy away from public sight. I believe it was because of this reason- the ghastly mutilations on the prostitutes- that attracted the most attention to the people and police force as it showed what a determined murderer was cap able of doing. some other aspect of the goose the Ripper gaucherie that attracted so much attention in 1888 was bozo the Ripper himself. People were tidal bore to know who the Ripper was, his identity, his background, and simply why he targeted prostitutes and slashed, sliced and severed them the way he did. The letter that he sent to the police caused people and the police themselves to grow even more suspicious near the Ripper. For example, the Dear boss letter made people think that he was American. He visualized himself as a psychopath through this letter informing the police of what he will do in the future, I shant quit rupture them till I do get buckled. All these queries were conjectural to be answered by the metropolitan Police Force however, they werent able to catch the Ripper. This is the reason why the world press degraded them.British newspaper publisher business were eager to sell more and more newspapers these days as the Education Act 1870 made it compulso ry for everyone to attend school, meaning that now most of the British population was literate. The Fleet Street newspapers competed by constitution articles, that more likely were incorrect and unreliable. However, the only thing that mattered to the newspapers at the time was selling, and as the British population was enthusiastic nearly the murders carried out by Jack the Ripper, they published incorrect material. This shows how much attention Jack the Ripper attracted, as to keep him in the minds of the British population, the very source that everyone depended on rotund the truth, told a lieThe world press also played a big role in attracting attention to the murders. They deeply investigated the murders and at time produced inconclusive selective information and rumours that made the populace even more cowardly and intimidated to stroll through the alleys of Whitechapel at night. Offering rewards was a evasive action that the police used later on, which it previously t hought was insufficient to gain vigor evidence about Jack the Ripper and his whereabouts. By this, many people were attracted to the chemise and produced false evidence solely to get a reward in the end. This afterwards proved to be totally unsatisfactory as the police found the investigation harder as many people brought forward contrastive and inconclusive information with regard to the identity of the Ripper.The bifurcate murders that took place in the night of the 30th of September 1888 also caused people to grow imposing and attentive in the East End of London. The first victim of the double murders was Elizabeth Stride who was found to have several cuts in the neck and windpipe. It was supposed that the horse and cart of Louis Diemschutz who worked near to the pictorial matter of the murder disturbed the Ripper. Because of this, the Ripper went and hit a fourth prostitute named Catherine Eddowes less than half a sea mile away.What was peculiar about the Eddowes murder was not only that she had her intestines, left kidney and womb removed but that written in chalk above the inanimate womans apron were the words The Juwes are The men That go forth not be Blamed For nothing. This could have been a echt clue for the MPF as to who the Ripper was as they could have seen whether the hand piece of music of this matched the handwriting of the letters he sent to the police. But before they could do so, Sir Charles Warren, Commissioner of the MPF ordered the writing to be removed immediately to prevent any anti-Semitic tension.Another reason why Jack the Ripper attracted so much attention, was because of the tension mingled with political parties. A nonparallel killer was out in the streets of London, killing innocent women, and sitting in Parliament were politicians who looked to be doing nothing about this. As a result of the Jack the Ripper murders, the poverty stricken area of Whitechapel was well known, and so was the poverty that the residents s uffered. Opposition parties in the Government see this as an opportunity, to attack the Government, in saying that the poverty that they (the government) had not solved was to blame for these murders. If there were no poverty in Whitechapel, then one women would not have had to result to prostitution, and Jack the Ripper would have had no prostitutes to murder. Jack the Ripper attracted so much attention, that even the politicians in Parliament were talking about his actions.In conclusion, I think that it was the way in which the prostitutes were brutally butchered, and the amazement that the Metropolitan Police Force faced with dealing with the murders are what captive so much attention in 1888. In particular, I think the murder of Mary Kelly- the last of the Ripper murders- is what attracted the majority of attention in the Ripper case as the victim was viciously mutilated. There were cuts all over her form and most internal organs had been removed. The breasts were also cut o ff as well as her uterus. The heart was removed and could not be located. Because of this, I think it was this murder that made people most fearful and unplowed the dark alleys of Whitechapel deserted at night as the people living their knew that a determined murderer could well be at their doorsteps next.QUESTION 3WHY WERE THE POLICE UNABLE TO CATCH JACK THERIPPER?(20 Marks)The police were unable to catch Jack the Ripper for several major reasons. It was primarily that the police did not know who or what they were dealing with. This was due to the fact that Jack the Ripper was the first serial killer to be reported on at such a scale. The police were unaware of the fact that they were dealing with a serial killer, and more importantly did not know what a serial killer was.Jack the Ripper was the first serial killer who had been focused on at such a scale by the newspapers or the media. This was mainly due to the fact that most of the adult population of the time were now able to re ad and write due to the Education Act 1870. This boost the newspapers to write more about the Ripper, sometimes quoting unreliable sources which were also used by the police, leading them to false leads. As more and more of the public were getting interested in the Ripper murders, newspapers felt that they had to publish something on the Ripper murders differently the public would loose interest and the newspaper company loose money. hence the newspapers were forced into writing false/incorrect information in their articles.As the methods of investigation used by the police were still developing, and forensic information just starting, the Metropolitan police were unsure about how to conduct their investigation. As a result they resulted to any means possible and even took the false words of the newspapers as being true. Despite the fact that forensics experts of the time had visited the crime scenes and had drawn certain conclusions, the Metropolitan police still followed the false information published in the newspapers, despite the fact that it contradicted the conclusions drawn by the forensics experts. This shows how undeveloped the methods of investigation of the police was at the time as police were following information given by drunken lunatics who were giving witness accounts only to earn a little easy money, and based their witness accounts on the stereotypical image of the Ripper at the time to try and catch one of the most cunning and clever serial killers of all time.Another major factor why the police were unable to catch Jack the Ripper was that their nature of investigation was too narrow and that they should have widened their scope. At first the Metropolitan police believed that Jack the Ripper was someone local, from the evidence shown from his knowledge of the layout of all the alleyways and roadstead of Whitechapel. This enabled him to move very quickly and freely around the Whitechapel area without the police being able to catch hi m. This was very important because by the time the body of Jack the Rippers next victim was discovered he would have been long gone. A rumour had been spread about a man known as flog Apron as being the serial killer, Jack the Ripper.The police were intrigued by this information and were quick to respond. They arrested a man called John Pizer, a butcher from the Whitechapel area. He was foreign as many of the witness accounts suggested, and wore a leather apron, giving him the name Leather Apron. However he had an alibi, which cleared him of all charges. Again the police had followed false leads and had wasted more time. This then lead the police to believe that the murder was someone who was not from the Whitechapel area but could have had a job or another sort of connection within the area, because of his knowledge of the layout of Whitechapel.The police used many techniques to try and catch Jack the Ripper, however none of them succeeded. Firstly, the Metropolitan police increas ed the number of police officers and constables on the beat (on duty), each being placed within five minutes of walking distance of each other. However this did not work as the Ripper was still too quick for the Metropolitan police. Another method used by the police was to try and go undercover to catch Jack the Ripper. Some officers dressed up as prostitutes to try and lure Jack the Ripper into spending some time with them. However this did not work as there were no female officers at the time, and the men who dressed up still wore their typical police boots which were still recognisable despite the severely polluted smog that filled the air, blowing their disguise. Again the police had wasted more time, as their method of investigation was still unreasonable.These thoughtless actions were not unploughed quiet. Jack the Ripper news attracted worldwide attention. These actions were even commented on in the late York Times, the London Police must be the stupidest police force in the World. This did not give a good impression of the Metropolitan police force.On conclusion the police were unable to catch Jack the Ripper because of their lack of knowledge of serial killers and the undeveloped methods of investigation they used. When Jack the Ripper first started his campaign of murder, the police were unaware that they were dealing with a serial killer and more importantly did not know what a serial killer was.This was to the disadvantage to the police, as they did not know how to catch Jack the Ripper. Another factor why the police were unable to catch Jack the Ripper was the little knowledge of forensic science that they had at the time. The police were untutored in forensic science, and in many occasions altered the scene of the crime. Lastly, the police were unable to catch Jack the Ripper because of the methods that they used. The police at the time were uneducated in undercover work as well. They did not know how to disguise themselves into the normal p opulation to trap Jack the Ripper.