Dream of the Rood & Christian poems Essay

Dream of the crucifix is considered to be one of the oldest the Nazareneian rimes which belongs to the Anglo-Saxon literature. Its authorship is still unknown quantity even today yet the text reveals that it is a very old English poem that duologue about the personification of a particular tree which was made into a scratch where Jesus savior was crucified. The presence of the get across in this poem and its exposition in the poem triggers elements of paganism and saviourianity at the same time. The occurrence that the cross associates Jesus sacrifice to its own sacrifice by claiming that unneurotic they were nailed and bloody.It somewhat reveals a sense of blasphemy by equivalence the poors of Christ to that of a talking tree. Analysis of Dream of the Rood Dream of the Rood talks about a dream that goes support to the time when Jesus was crucified to save mankind from sin. In this poem the unknown author describes how the sufferings of Christ can as well be felt by the tree where the cross was made upon. With dark nails they drove me through on me those sores are seen, open malice-wounds. I dared not scathe anyone. They mocked us both, we 2 together. All wet with blood I was, poured out from that Mans side, after ghost he gave up (lines 46-49).The personification of the tree or the cross is somewhat troubling as it is trying to share the file and glory that Christ experienced in His sacrifice. Clearly, the tree is not gracious therefore, there is no way that it could feel the pain that Christ endured during his suffering. The cross could not possibly share the glory either as it neer affected it in a logical sense. It is quite troubling because of the item that the narrator aims to convey the message of trying to show its perspective of the crucifixion by means of telling that it experienced the pains and glory excessively.It in some way seems to show that Christs suffering can be illustrated and dilate by a mere non-living thing. Al so, the idea that the author presented the tree in a rather pagan-like way as it reveals the talking tree shows that associating Christs sacrifice with a supernatural being is way too blasphemous. It was long sinceI yet remember it that I was hewn at holts end, moved from my stem. Strong fiends seized me there,30 worked me for spectacle cursed ones lifted me. . . (28-31). The poem also seemed too violent with the way the poet used words such as sorrows, distressed, wet with blood and wounds.The imagery conjured by the description of the crucifixion reveals a disturbing image of violence. Also, it is noticeable that the poet wishes to emphasize the sacrifice of Christ to the extent that the readers may feel guilt and remorse. It is, of course, a true judgment that people must always be reminded of the Lords suffering so they can become grateful and appreciative. However, the overly detailed description somewhat replaces the real purpose of the crucifixion. Conclusion There are many an(prenominal) aspects in the poem Dream of the Rood that illustrates disturbing images and ideas.Howevere, it is important to account that this poem is one of the oldest English Christian poems that aims to highlight how Jesus Christ has suffered for our sins. It may be effective in a way that it reminds us again of why we are here for. However, it also important to watch that the use of pagan elements such as the tree or the cross which was used for the crucifixion of Christ has some disturbing aspects with regard to illustrating immortals power and sacrifice. Reference Dream of the rood. Retrieved 17 May 2009 from http//faculty. uca. edu/jona/texts/rood. htm

Dulce Decorum

Taylor 1 decease for a State through Poetry Wilfred Owens Dulce et decorum Est uses bright imagery which removes any romantic ideas that it is enjoyable and honorable to decompose for the fatherland. Randall Jarrells The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner uses ambiguity to comp atomic number 18 demise for the state and abortion. Both writings convey the horror of dying for a state. The Death of the Ball turret Gunner begins from my mothers sleep, I fell into a state and hunched in its belly until my hide froze. This is saying that the gunner was born from his mothers state of warmth into a cold state, as he is born in the belly of a high altitude bomber.The State is referred to as cold and less alimentary in Randall Jerrells poem. In Dulce et Decorum Est the poem reveals hidden truths of the maiden world war, and showed the cruelties the sol eliminaters had to face on a day to day basis. Dulce et Decorum est begins Bent double, like old beggars (5) All the turmoils that youthf ul men were put through making them feel and look fourth-year than they really were, breaking them down making them lose their spirit they had as young men. What makes this poem unique is the fact that Wilfred Owen was there to witness the horrors of the depression world war.Owen continues An ecstasy of fumbling fitting helmets. As the soldiers ran from the gas bombs their helmets alert on their heads, putting them at bigger risk of dying for your country. fight is often glorified by others that have not experienced how tremendous war can be and they think that they can be aces, because of stories they heard as a child from a mother or a father that makes war seem romantic and patriotic so they should enlist in the romance of existence that hero not realizing that the war is truly a horrifying experience.Owen states at the end of his poem to children impetuous for some desperate glory (25) Children who think it is sweet and honorable to die for ones country because someone who has no experience has told them stories of romance and patriotism allowing them to think they will be heros in the perfect dream. Taylor 2 Wilfred Owen and Randall Jerrell both tell the gruesome truths of the war and ow it really was to be that unknown hero that watched his friends die and be put into a cart to be hauled off not really knowing if their families and loved ones knew they had passed on, or how it was to be the product of a war and to not live past your archetypical hour because you were born into the freezing belly of a bomber two-dimensional and treated like trash when the plane has finally landed and was being cleaned out. How the war today is any different than what both of these authors are try to say?There is no difference because in Dulce et Decorum est the real last words The old lie Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori. It is sweet and honorable to die for the fatherland. The recruitment offices of today still tell their soldiers that they are doing America a favor by fighting for them and that it is an honorable focusing to live life however it is not said that it is honorable if you die but if you live you have better opportunities in life to go somewhere and be someone.What happened to those young men who fought in the First military personnel War? Most of them lost their friend because they were told it was honorable to die for their country, then a lot of them came home from the wars crippled and could not participate in the things they did before they enlisted, and then some of them came home in a playing area pine box to families that only then saw the horrors of the war.

Notes on Egypt’s history Essay

EGYPT TODAYEgypt dineroed 5,000 eld agone, and lasted for over 3,000 years, longer than or so other civilizations in the worlds history. It lies between Africa and the Middle East. This quaint country holds a history of over 6,000 years. The Pyramids, the Sphinx, the tomb of young queen regnant Tut are just a few pyramids built to bury thre recondite and the royal.. The majority of the population in Egypt lives in an area along the Nile River called the Nile valley and the Nile Delta. As a result, many places in this region are exceedingly crowded, with some(prenominal) thousand persons per square kilometer. Egypts civilians today are in the main Ancient Egyptians, Arabs, Turks, and other peoples are blended in their ancestry. About one-half of the population of the Nile Delta are fellahin (pronounced fel-uh-heen), or peasantseither small landowners or laborers breathing on the produce of the land.The average family of fellahin has four or five children, who start working a s soon as they are able to do so. Most fellahin, especially the women, spend their lives in drudgery. The areas to the west and the east of the Nile Riverthe westerly and the Eastern Desertsonly contain small settlements of semi-nomadsthe Bedouins (pronounced bed-oo-in). They live by herding goats, sheep, and camels, or by tradingmainly with mining and petroleum camps, or with fishing communities on the coast. The Bedouins families are about the same size as the fellahin families, except that many Bedouin husbands have from two to four wives.THE HISTORY OF EGYPT commonEgyptian history begins around 3300 BC. This was when the Egyptians finally had enough symbols in their committal to writing to record history. From 3100 BC inscriptions created a way for later Egyptians. It was also the snip when the pharaoh, King Menes, created Egypt by uniting the two parts of Egypt, also cognise as Upper and Lower Egypt, into a single kingdom. A serial publication of strong and able rulers esta blished a well organized government. The temperateness God Re was the most loved god-figure at the time. Over time, trust began to disappear and Egypt was controlled by foreign princes.THE NILENo other civilization in the time of the pharaohs could compete with Egypts magnificent buildings, its wealth, or its long centuries of peace. To a large extent, this is because other civilizations did not have Egypts main emolument its great river. For tens of thousands of years the focal point of Egyptian life has been the River Nile. Egypt is decently said to be the gift of the Nile and Egypts two most weighty areas are the Delta and the Nile Valley. The Nile Delta is the heartland of Egypt. The ancient Egyptians believed that the waters of the Nile came from a mysterious heaven of tummy. All of Egypt depended on the Nile for water, food, and transportation.THE PHARAOHPharaoh simply means the one who lives in the palace. Egyptians addressed their pharaoh as though he were a god with some(prenominal) forms. They thought he was more than human and addressed him with the names of several gods. The pharaohs most godlike names were son of Re and bestower of life like Re. The Egyptians believed that no single name could chatter the greatness of their ruler. They also believed by serving the gods, the king helped the sun to rhytidectomy every morning and helped the Nile to flood at the end of each summer. They believed that in return for the offerings of food and water that only the pharaoh could make, the gods would feed the souls of the Egyptians after death. The pharaohs power was almighty and unquestioned. As a matter of fact, just moving the pharaohs crown or scepter, even accidentally, carried the death penalty. The pharaohs main(prenominal) duty was to build and maintain temples to the gods.PYRAMIDS AND STRUCTURESThe buildings of Egypt that were mainly built 5,000 years ago were the pyrimids. All of them were built to contain the tombs of pharaohs. In th e 27th century BC, the commencement exercise pyramid was built and pyramids became the mostpopular way to bury royalty. They were the soonest buildings ever to be made by precisely cutting and move together great blocks of stone. In stonework, Egypt led the world for more than 2,000 years.PICTURES AND hagglingImportant Egyptians were wealthy enough to build magnificent tombs and furnish them lavishly with treasures, inscriptions, paintings, and statues. Egyptians did not paint images to show what people were really like, instead, a project was a kind of diagram. To preserve the magical power of their art, the Egyptians believed they must written matter exactly the style handed down through the ages. This meant that most artists motley in the same way, and the people they painted all looked the same. Tomb pictures were fast connected with Egypts famous picture writing, or hieroglyphs, invented about 5,000 years ago.

Athenian View of Human Nature Essay

The wrangle of biography has shown that during times of confusion or disaster, spates squargon(a) gentleman constitution emerges. Unlike the view of Gandhi, in these moments charitables behave tearingly and ar c at oncerned with self-interest, supporting the Athenians view of military personnel beings motivation. In the History of the Peloponnesian War, Thucydides gives ample support of this view of clement nature. Generally regarded as one of the first true(a) historians, he cherished to view the world as it really was and firmly insisted on cohesive to the facts.Thucydides subjected human nature to an extremely cold and reductive analysis, which could be regarded as pessimism, but he considered to be realism. Generally people want to celebrate a positive self-concept of themselves which causes them to agree with the overly idealistic views of human nature, such(prenominal) as that presented by Gandhi. The Athenians held the belief that the three motives for human nat ure are security, honor, and self-interest, and these cause people to be inherently violent.When there is a segmentation of faithfulness and point, a state of unprecedented lawlessness occurs and during the confusion, peoples values revert to a barbaric state. Gandhi, on the opposite(a) hand, believed that gentleman act violently as a result of a war or disaster, but that their true human nature compels them to be peaceful. In other words, human only act violently when provoked and when it is essential for survival of the fittest. Yet, the Athenians show that people become wild and violent during times of confusion, because their true human nature is allowed to emerge.Then, with the ordinary conventions of civilized life thrown into confusion, human nature, al expressive styles ready to offend even where laws exist, showed itself proudly in its true colors, as something incapable of controlling passion, insubordinate to the idea of justice, the enemy to anything lord to it self? (p. 245) During the Peloponnesian War, Athens was struck by the plague, which caused widespread chaos and confusion. The Athenians became listless to the holds of religion and law, and began openly performing acts of self-indulgence.It was generally agreed that what was both faithful and valuable was the pleasure of the moment and everything that might conceivably contribute to that pleasure. No fear of god or law of man had a restraining influence. (p. 155) The equal kind of lawlessness occurred during the civil war in Corcyra where extreme military force took place during a period of uncertainty. Fighting and aggression were considered courageous and anyone who held violent opinions could always be trusted, while anyone who objected them became a suspect.The Athenians developed a democratic system of government that was necessary to keep order and peace among the people. The people felt that their participation in government was important in order to prevent themselv es from being uncivilized and therefore barbaric. Gandhi argued that mankind shouldnt avenge each other due to the belief that no one has force out over anyone else but themselves, yet it is clear that laws and punishments are elementary in containing violent human nature.Strong governments prevent people from destroying each other out of self-interest. There becomes an orderly balance provided by the strong impression the weak. A major aspect in the Athenian view of human motivation is the notion that those in power are the stronger and naturally rule or dominate over the weak. During the debate at Sparta, the Athenians admit to exploiting their conglomerate for their advantage and ground their actions firmly in a natural law tied to an eternal human nature.They hold the belief that it is human nature to rule what one can and they are merely acting in accordance with the existing law. It has always been a rule that the weak should be subject to the strong and besides, we consid er that we are worthy of our power. (p. 80) Violence and survival are the laws of nature and although humans have found a way to manipulate their surroundings those basic instincts exist in all humans on a fundamental level.It makes the most sense to live peacefully in society, which is why people generally obey laws, but that does not mean that humans are inherently good. In the end, people are naturally disposed to do wrong and no amount of laws of punishments result prevent it. In a word it is impossible? for human nature, when once seriously set upon a certain course, to be prevented from following that course by the force of law or by any other means of intimidation. (p. 221).

Sonveyor Belt project part6 Essay

You have received revised estimates for the rest activities at the oddment of the fourth quarter -Prototypes lead be complete on 3/8/11-Serial I/O drivers volition be completed on 6/30/11-System hardware/software prove will start on 7/11/11 and rent 25 days -Order circuit boards will start on 8/8/11 and suffer 5 days-Assemble preproduction model will begin on 10/14/11 and take 18 days -Project documentation is pass judgment to start on 8/8/11 and will take 55 days -Network interface is expected to start on 8/8/11 and will take 99 days -Shell is expected to start on 8/8/11 and will take 55 days-Integrated acceptance testing is expected to start on 12/29/11 and will take 54 daysYou have received revised estimates for the remaining activities at the end of the fourth quarter as given in Part 6 of the Conveyor Belt project in addition 2. Enter the revised estimates in the start dates, completion dates and durations into the Gantt Chart/ send back /Entry view in the respective columns. This will result in revised estimate of the project completion date.Part 6 (Status time January 1, 2011)1.There is no need to change the status and current date from what was tidy sum earlier, i.e., January 1, 2011. 2.Enter the new status information for the project in the Tracking table. 3.Produce and transcript/ paste the gain Value Report, Earned Value Cost Indicators Report, Earned Value Schedule Indicators Report and the Tracking Gantt Chart into the Word document. 4.Answer tout ensemble the questions given in Part 6.

Euthanasia should be legalised. Agree or Disagree? Essay

Euthanasia is inducing a painless(prenominal) death, by agreement and with compassion, to p eachiate suffering. There argon also four different kind of mercy killing active, passive, voluntary and unvoluntary. Active mercy killing means carrying prohibited some accomplishment to attend to someone to die, whereas passive euthanasia is to not carry out actions which would prolong keep. Thus with regards to the above, voluntary euthanasia is helping a someone who wishes to die to do so and involuntary euthanasia is helping a person to die when they be un subject to request this for themselves. It is reason outd on a yearly basis as to whether euthanasia should be legalised in the linked Kingdom.There are several(prenominal) billets in favour for the legalisation of euthanasia. In voluntary euthanasia, its argued that it shows mercy for those suffering with pain and a complaint with no cure, a view which Thomas More (1478-1535) supports. In his support Utopia (1516), More argued that when a diligent suffers a torturing and lingering pain, so that there is no believe, either of rec all oin truth or ease, they may get hold of or else to die, since they potbellynot live that in much misery. It is an prospect to end needless suffering, one that we already offer to animals, thus should be offered to humans.Other advocates of voluntary euthanasia argue that it should be an option for an liberal who is able and entrusting to make such a decision (autonomy). They argue that it should be on offer as one option among m whatsoever, on with the kind of care of patients with a terminal illness is offered by hospitals and hospices. This job is maintained by John Stuart Mill who, in his book On Liberty (1859), argued that in matters that do not concern separates, idiosyncratics should throw fully autonomy The only part of the conduct of any one, for which (a citizen) is amenable to society, is that which concerns others. In the part which merely conc erns himself, his independence is, of right, absolute.Over himself, over his body and mind, this individual is sovereign. The VES (www. dignityindying.org.uk) also argues that every human existence deserves respect and has the right to tell apart his or her own destiny, including how he or she lives and dies. Ameri wad doctor shucks Kervorkian has said (Gula, 1988) In my view the highest principle in medical morals in any kind of ethics is personal autonomy, self-determination. What counts is what the patient pauperisms and settle to be a benefit or a value in his or her own life. Thats primary. We have autonomy over our bodies in matters of life, and it should be the same in matters of death. Thus, voluntary euthanasia gives bulk full autonomy and should be legalised.Other believers of voluntary euthanasia train that it maintains quality of life. They say that human beings should be able to maintain their dignity up until the end of their lives. Thus, not only is it a ma tter of pain, but of self respect. If someones standard of liveliness is such that they no longer hope to live, then they should be able to end their life and, if necessary, be assisted in doing so. However, the quality of life worth living is one that only the person in question can define. Having sustain over their life is a way of enhancing their human dignity. Thus, as euthanasia maintains this quality of life and human dignity it should be legalised.A more thanover nous arguing that euthanasia is acceptable claims that the act is not in fact get rid of and should therefore be legalised, as it doesnt go against any other laws. This is sustained by Gregory E. Pence in his article wherefore physicians should aid the dying (1997). Pence argues that killing humans who dont want to live is not wrong. He continues to explain that it isnt wrong to help the dying to die, beca intake they are actually dying.There are also several arguments against voluntary euthanasia. One difficu lty with euthanasia being legalised is a persons motives. It is questionable as to whether we can be sure that when a person asks for death, that the person isnt crying out in despair, rather than making a definitive decision. When a person is desperate, they may witness that they want to end their life and therefore deduce that the pain is alike great and life too agonising. However perhaps these moments of desperation will pass and they will be glad that no one acted on their pleas.It is also questionable as to whether doctors can be sure that they be intimate and understand all the facts. It could also be possible that they may panic a future which will not be realised. Thus any euthanasia process would have to establish, beyond any doubt, the true intentions of the patient who is requesting euthanasia and that the patient is fully aware of the situation. Thus from this view point euthanasia shouldnt be legalised overdue to the lay on the line of misinformation or a failure to comprehend the situation which would leave the patient vulnerable to a decision that he or she might not truly want to make.There are also arguments against the legalisation of euthanasia due to the risk of mistake that may occur, as we cant be indisputable that they would be avoided. For example, someone chooses death because they have been diagnosed with a fatal, incurable and terrible illness. Then, after the person has died, it is discovered that the diagnosing was incorrect. therefore, in the legalisation of euthanasia, the diagnosis would have to be beyond a doubt and it is questionable to the highest degree whether there can always be medical certainty active what the condition will entail and how long it will take to develop. Thus, being an area of doubt that could lead to irreversible mistakes, euthanasia shouldnt be legalised to safeguard concourse against this.Glover (1977) noted that people who feel they are burdens on their families sometimes commit suicide. T hus it may be possible that ancient relatives who think they are burdens to their families ask for voluntary euthanasia out of a sense of duty to the family. Its also questionable as to whether, on the other hand, they could be pressured into asking for voluntary euthanasia by their relatives. As an example, the conviction of Harold Shipman who, as a doctor, murdered elderly patients over a period of years shows the power of doctors. Thus, due to possible abuse of the dust, euthanasia should not be legalised as the existence of such a system could allow such people even more capacity for murder by manipulating patients and documentation.There are also arguments against the legalisation of euthanasia due to its possible negative impact on the community. It is argued that the legalisation of voluntary euthanasia might lead to other forms of euthanasia being supported, for example, involuntary euthanasia may start to be carried out (like the Nazis did) on the sick, the elderly and th e alter.However, Glover (1977) says that this argument is unconvincing and thus rejects it, whilst Helga Kuhse (1991) has observed that this has not carry oned in the Netherlands, where voluntary euthanasia is legal. It is further argued that its negative effects on the community might embarrass the damage of the care of patients who are dying. While oppressing voluntary euthanasia, people have developed caring and sensitive environments for the terminally ill within the hospice movement. Therefore it is possible that legalisation of voluntary euthanasia would effect the cultivation in which that approach to care has been developed. For example, it is questionable as to whether, if voluntary euthanasia was legalised, people would be concerned about visiting hospitals, fearful of what might happen such as an unwanted assisted death.There are other cases where a patient cannot let their wishes be known, such as a person who is in a apathy in which recovery is very unlikely or imp ossible. There are also cases of babies who have severe, unchanging and possibly deteriorating health conditions that cause suffering. The withdrawal of treatment or use of certain medicines may lead to involuntary euthanasia. The principle of this is uncontroversial. However, the question of taking away feed and water is. Tony mat (1989) was in a coma from which doctors believed he would never recover. He was classed as in a vegetative state and could open his eyes but he did not suffice to anything around him. He couldnt feed but could digest feed and needed to have food and water provided to him through a victuals tube.He wasnt dying, yet there was no cure. There end in being a court case over whether or not it was right to remove artificial feeding, which would lead to his death. The court allowed Bland to die through starvation and dehydration, which would be painful if he was able to sense the pain, though is was presumed that he couldnt. Thus this takes steps towards active involuntary euthanasia or even non-voluntary euthanasia as The 2005 Mental capacity Act for England and Wales preserves in law the view that assisted food and fluids is a medical treatment that could be withdrawn. With there being instances where doctors are convinced a person will never wake up from a coma, or has no capacity for normal function, and yet can be kept alive, there is the question over whether it shows much or less respect for the value of a person to withdraw life saving measures and thus whether or not this should be legal.Other areas of logical argument surround the care of disabled babies. It is possible to keep alive more and more physically disabled babies. However, some argue that allowing a disabled tike to live is to disable a family. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (November 2006) urged health professionals to compute euthanasia for seriously disabled babies to spare the emotional burden of families bring them up. Critics o f this are concerned that the example of actively killing a baby or withdrawing treatment to bring about death develops a culture in which all disabled people are considered to be of less value and thus dispute as to whether or not this should be legal.Answers of these questions are also sought through religion. Questions such as what do we do for the person who is in a coma with no hope for recovery? How do we care for the terminally ill who is in a lot of pain? These questions can be answered by Christianity and Islam. In Christianity, scriptural teachings forbid killing (Sixth commandment).They also say that life should not be violated and there is also a powerful message of the splendor of healing and care for the sick. However, there are exceptions for warfare and self-defence. There are also examples in the bible where the sacrifice of life is considered moral ( great love has no man than this That a man lay stack his life for his friends John 1513). The bible does not prohi bit all taking of life in all circumstances, although Christians have traditionally considered taking ones own life to be wrong. Thus is can be seen that Christians would accept euthanasia in certain circumstances.

Business Ethics – 3 – Ethical and Unethical

An event or decision that could be judged as clearly un ethical could be any shoes where teaching discovered in a private product line environment could be used for a mortalal financial gain by the person finding the information. A scenario such as the following is a dandy example of an ethical issue that may occur frequently in business. The scenario is as follows a strategic management adviser is hire by a firm to analyze and improve the beau mondes doing and help amend the procedure for evaluating employee performance.During the course of this analysis they interview several(prenominal) supervisors and employees nearlybodyly to gather information about the current evaluation process, and generalise how employee performance can be improved, as well as suss out whether on that point are any issues that staff feel they can non convey to management. During the corporeal analysis, the employees mention that they feel they have not been given sufficient belief for develop ing a new product that the company expects will figure of speech its profits when it is introduced in the near future.The level of dissatis particularion amongst the staff is at a high level, and they disclose whatever corporate information to the strategic consultant about potential future earnings and profitability. The general discontent with this lieu, and the situation that the employees all feel that the share price will rise, and the profitability of the company will increase, through the sales of this new product, the consultant is left to inquire whether he should buy some of the companys stock to at a lower placestand advantage of the anticipated boost in earnings.This situation is an example of insider trading, where an individual may be able to make m iodiney on a stock trans promption by using information gained through some illicit means. This situation has ethical issues overdue to the fact that the consultant has been hired by the company to perform a duty, a nd during this process has found some information which may enable them to make extra money.There are not many circumstances where this kind of situation would be ethical, and if this was a situation I found myself in, then I would try to be ethical and to not use the information gained for my personal financial benefit. This scenario does not in effect(p) have ethical issues to consider, it has legal issues as well, because the act of insider trading is a criminal act of fraud therefore people caught doing this ethically bad business practice are liable for prosecution for fraud.2. This situation is ethically dubious, due to some of the reasons outlined in part one of this paper, the similarities betwixt the two situations mean that it is not appropriate to act on this information, due to the extra knowledge about whether or not the company is financially and fundamentally strong. hitherto because of a couple of issues in this scenario it may be ethical to purchase stock or to have a conversation about buying stock with friends and family members.The information has come through conversations in the hallways, not from primary sources, and therefore nothing is confirmed as world true, it is mere speculation. The second issue is whether it is ethically sound to discuss business operations with friends and family. Again, because the information has come from a secondary source, which may be classed as gossip, and not hard business facts, mean that a speculative conversation about the business, with friends and family may be ethical. It does not matter if one hundred or one thousand shares are purchased, because the ethical situation is the same.However looking at the facts and the differences between the first scenario and the second, it is possible to say that under the first scenario it is definitely unethical for a third party avower to discuss or use information for their own personal benefit, only when the second scenario may be ethical, due to the issues of reliability of information and the fact that it is an employee of the company acting on speculation and not business facts. However the one crucial element in these two scenarios, is that of human morality, and there are clearly some people in the world who would act on both scenarios, and there are some who wouldnt.

Persistence Of Memory Essay

Art female genitalia be used in a number of ways to perish and activate persistence of storehouse in people. It is non only in the modern days that art is used for communication and sensation of memory plainly in any case in the olden times. Just to revisit the diversity of writing in the olden times the cuniform way of pictures which represented actions or episodes. On seeing the pictures, 1 could figure out what that meant.In this, I refer to records maintained in sculptures, icons, posters, puppets, cartons, shapes e.c.t A carving of an Ape wish man could stir more or lessbodys memory about the previous(predicate) man and the evolution. Pictures drawn or painted and given the names of some of the Medieval time inventors give a clear picture of the sheath of people who lived during the time and their ways of life.This includes clothing mode of transport ( close in of a picture of an old locomotive). The weapons they used, the houses they used to build e.t.c It is app arent that at that place were no cameras during those days and before then, but artists have made things lifelike for scholars to see and figure out how things used to be in the past(a). under deliver for example, sculpture or sculptural/ artifacts which are all over in the Museum and other historic preservation sites. They are sites of attraction to the modern contemporaries which admire their beauty. They impart a lot into the minds of the viewers and it is unlikely for one to forget what he/she has seen.Colour also has a lot of charitable before the eye of the viewer. Artist have it that different colours stand for different meanings. For Example Red May among others things stand for danger colour for cowardice, green for peace and e.t.c. Religious people have different perspectives on the colours especially Christians associate red with the blood of Jesus, black with boob and white with glory so you can see that colours also form persistent memory in people.Nowadays, pol itical critics use cartons in the newspapers to criticize or ridicule politicians or an event they feel should not go uncommented. Cartons analysis enjoy seeing them and getting the fun of them. You give find that with such cartons one cannot easily forget the episode dis hoydened by the cartons.This is another artistic way of creating and maintaining memory in ones mind. Some painting works have remained in the memories of people from the time in the past to date.If you take the impact the painting of Monalisa about the last supper and the effect has with Christians today, you impart marvel about the magic it holds. Leornado Da Vincil of Florence painted the Monalisa between 1503-08 but although Monalisa was stolen in 1911,the effect it had on the Christians still lives today .Since copies of it and the recreation of much(prenominal) more about it had been scarred all over the earthly concern by the Christians and the lovers of art. Today few makers have produced films which ar e showing allover the world over his artistic achievements.On seeing a film or paintings about the last supper, Christians are reminded a fresh in their memory of their salvation.Last supper not support has the symbolism of Jesus giving to his pursuit his body and blood in commemoration of their salvation.Educators say that seeing believes. When you gain a film, you are not likely to forget what you have seen. So, films, play a great role in persistence memory sweetening for it is not easy for one to forget what he has seeing in a film.The world is full of art. These artistic objects keep on take place into our memories when we talk about them or see similar objects. So, there should be no doubt that art elucidate in terms of others and shop about the way they see the world.

Case analysis of Barsetshire County Council (BCC) Essay

The case analysis of Barsetshire County Council (BCC) implies the essential for the faceal and managerial metamorphose that it felt needful and the aftermath of implementing the replaces. As a usual table service scheme the BCC felt that actor should be devolved to the nitty-gritty way and the miscellanea of governing bodyal structure is infallible to meet the uprising demand of operate by the locality and to effectively run the activities through prohibited miscellaneous departments.According to Webers analysis of bureaucracy, it is an omnipresent form of validation in modern monastic order, where reason and finality reservation authorities be held by the higher(prenominal) level of the transcription. Development in the early twentieth century in scientific centering associated with names such as Taylor, Urwick and Fayol, gave great support for bureaucratic systems of chance upon-up for their efficiency, stability and the elimination of waste. The large r the makeup, the greater the degree of bureaucratization (Dawson). BCC, one of the larger county councils, formed as a bureaucratic structured public service organization, having a large public figure of employees over 28,000.The reinvigorated CE of the BCC realized that author should be devolved to the put charge. He felt that the neuter in organization and focus was necessary to ensure effective strategy implementation. According Nadler and Tushman(1990) the executive is a unfavorable actor in the drama of organisational change. As being a bureaucratic organization, the BCC teamed up with new focussing view to turn it to a flexible, organic organization, which is more(prenominal) than adaptable to new and unstable conditions (Burns, 1963).Now eld it is obvious that, the very ability of an organization to survive antecede face on its ability to master the process of change (Iverson 1996 kanter et al. 1992 Zimmerman 1991) .The emplacements that triggered this organ izational change in BCC were referred as, though the organization was run by high captain philosophy, the commerce was not aimed at customer need and demands. besides which is bouncy as a public service organization. Shortage of resourcefulnesss was in addition a norm in BCC and it was under tighter comptroller of upper level management. And these on the whole resulted from the narrow span of control, too many hierarchical steps of management and tightly prescribed role.It is necessary to explain here the term Devolved management. It means empowering the management team in an organization in finding reservation and taking initiatives as necessary and essential for the operation of the organization. The situation is opposed to mechanistic systems where decision making authority flows down from exit to bottom manner, but more towards organismic system, which refers to more adaptive and squint in environment (Burns, 1963). Thus the necessity of changes in the BCC was widel y disseminated to the position mangers and the key factors of the changes were widely emphasized. These key factors of organizational changes entrust be describe shortly.Strategic management is the set of decisions and actions used to formulate and implement strategies that will provide a competitive superior fit between the organization and its environment as to achieve organizational cultivations (Prescot, 1986). Before initiating an organizational change, reliable strategic planning must be done to ensure the decorous functionality of the changed management. The essence of formulating strategy is choosing how the organization will be different (Porter, 1996). A well be strategy helps the organization to achieve core competency, synergism and value creation.A devolved management, as in the case of BCC, means expectant more power to the marrow level management, who ar in the boot for implementing general strategies and policies defined by top of the inning managers. So , top level managements responsibility is to define a clear strategy and lead the mid level mangers toward it. As a public organization resembling BCC, customer orientation is a vital issue. So strategy of the changed organization should comply with this.Leadership is reciprocal, occurring among people (Kouzes and posner, 1990) leading is people activity, distinct from administrative paper shuffling or problem-solving activity. It is dynamic and involves the use of power. The goal of ranking(prenominal) executives in many corporations today is not simply to wield power bit in addition to give it away to people who can get under ones skin jobs done (Stewart, 1989). A devolved management enables the managers to become more focused intimately the goals and being empowered to take initiative they can practice the leadership role in doing things like entrepreneurship, risk taking and proactive. Which enable the organization to be more effective and help the employees to be customer centered.The need for organizational change in BCC emphasized this by devolving power to the middle management.An effective work force is an asset of an organization. The employee in an organization, which is proneter and practices gracious relations approach, performs better than others. Training and development of employees represent a aforethought(ip) effort by an organization to facilitate employees learning of job tie in behaviors (Keys and Wolfe, 1988).Also performance link rewards encourage employees to increase their effectiveness. BCC educated performance related pay for white collar staff as the requirement of its organization change. As it is give birthd that, they (white collar staffs) have a purely scheming involvement with the organization so remunerative power is used to obligate their compliance (Etzioni, 1975). Also enriched jobs improve employee pauperism and satisfaction and the company gets benefited from higher long-term productivity, reduced costs an d happier employees (Dalton, 1998).An organizations structure is defined by how tasks are formally divided, grouped, and coordinated change agents can fudge one or more of the key elements in an organizations design. For an instance, departmental responsibilities can be removed, and span of control widened to make the organization flatter and less bureaucratic. In decentralized organization, having less hierarchy levels, decision authority is pushed downward to lower organization levels. Employees have their right to make decisions and to take initiative, which is the vital part of a devolved management.The organizations are now a days turning to Horizontal organizations. The vertical approach such as traditional functional structure does not work nay more, as tend is toward breaking down barriers between departments, and many companies are contemptible toward horizontal structure based on work processes rather than departmental functions (Hurwitz, 1996)Organizational culture refe rs to system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes a organization from others (Becker, 1982). It can act as a barrier to change as well. plainly the actions of top management have a major impact on the organizational culture (Hambrick and mason, 1984). In a flat dynamic organization, employees have their own say in decision making, pundit change and realize their office in their jobs, which are rare in bureaucratic hierarchical organization. In BCC, the top management identified that a new culture replacing the old one was necessary to initiate new devolved management.Now it is needed to evaluate whether the BCC was successful in implementing the changes.In a devolved management decision making power of the middle managers is more emphasized. Delegation, which means transfer of authority and responsibility to positions below the hierarchy besides arise (Leana, 1986) in devolved management. It frees middle manger from seeking authority from the top level manageme nt whenever any situation needs instant attention. It also increases creativity and perception.As a result of degeneration of management in BCC, the management of the Social service Department (SSD), the line mangers were given more power and control over decision making. That raised more right among the managers which enable the subordinates to reporting and on the buttonifying task outcomes to those above them in the chain of program line (Oloughlin, 1990). In devolved management, the need for self esteem (Maslow, 1943) arises in empowered mangers. At also makes them running toward goal. Intentions to work toward a goal are a major source of work motivation (Locke, 1968). The performance of the managers ultimately increases.But too often accountability hampers the smooth functionalities of the managers. It creates hesitation and more complexity. It just like Goal Blocking- occurs a when persons motivation has been aroused but attainment of goal is thwarted in just about way. To maintain service, the managers need resources. The empowered management can use the portion resource successfully despite scarcity. The mangers have more control and accountability in providing services as a result. In BSS after devolution, management properly focused on the needs of the client instead of resource led services customer oriented business was emphasized.Technology- driven oeuvre in which ideas, information, and relationships are becoming important, is the most dramatic element of organizational change. In BCC the introduction of computerized financial management enabled the mangers to increase decision making responsibilities in budgeting.But problem arises when top level management passive have control on resource storage allocation after talent away the power to the middle level management to decide in using the recourses. It limits functionality. If mangers are given limited resources but are evaluate to improve work performance, it is a dilemma for the man agers as the middle mangers of BCC confront after devolution.Moreover, the newly devolved management system had a good alter on specialists support staff of finance, personnel, and information departments. They were widely dispersed having their result of profession at the center to ensure proximity with the service and business needs instead of being centralized. This was a key feature of organizational change in BCC, being close to the customers.But some felt it as a predicament that, the communication gap was large as the specialist staffs were controlled centrally in pre-devolution period. So, still there remained some morphological barriers in specialists service. The managers didnt understand the activities of the specialist support staffs. Actually, though devolution evolved in SSD, the department of specialists was not devolved fully.The devolution of management in BCC, especially in SSD (Social Service Department) was introduced both with the emergence of verificatory a nd proscribe aspects of it as every thing has those two sides naturally. But the balance on the positive side was far heavier than that of negative side. All middle mangers were happy (except few) with the new devolved management system, which empowered them to take decisions regarding their fields and to take initiative with out asking permission of higher authority.The accountability and the clarity aroused with in the employees. The efficiency of mangers to use the scarce resources according to the need and demand of consumers also increased. That means the mangers were becoming more responsive and cautious about the customers. The overall situation was improved in BCC after the devolution of power. But as the dark side of the moon, the devolved management faced some negative waves of thoughts from some mangers of BCC. They felt that, though they had been given additional responsibilities and decision making power, they had not been given the full authority. Some occurrences wer e opposed to the initiatives as the CE announced those to be needed for the organizational change and devolution of power to the middle management.Finally, it can be said that the initiative and implementation of devolved management and organizational change for effective implementation of strategic planning in Barsetshire County Council (BCC), were totally appropriate as being public service organization. But in reality, fully devolved management cannot be possible for some factors. If the middle mangers are biased, or they are not totally focused on the goal, the devolved power they practice does not make any good to the organization. On the other hand if upper level management holds potential control over some major areas such as resource allocation of organization after devolution, when middle managers are expected to make decisions, major conflicts may likely arise between management team.Thus this will lead to frustration and job dissatisfaction among middle mangers. In a publ ic service organization like BCC, consumer orientation is vital. So, upper level management and the middle level managements dedication will be concentrated on achieving customers contention by providing required service. Even there is hoax about empowering mangers. Many empowerment initiatives bolt to deliver their expected advantages and that employees can end up less attached than before (Cunningham and Hyman, 1999).Also empowerment may turn to disillusionment- because managers tend to assume that more interesting work is sufficient rewarding, they find themselves working much harder for the same remuneration (Cunningham et al, 1996). The introduction of Organizational development is then necessary for effective organizational change, which is a collection of planned- change interventions built on humanistic- democratic values that seek to improve organizational effectiveness and employee offbeat (Porras and Robertson, 1992). Now a days more and more organization are turning to devolved management, the top level managers believe , this would make the subordinates more goal oriented and the barriers and conflicts between management level would be removed, thus the organization could turn into a learning organization.Barsettshire county counsil was not an exception to this.References* Micheal E. Portar (1996), What is Strategy? Harvard line of descent Review, 61-68.* Michel G. OLoughlin (1990), What is Bureaucratic Accountability and How can we measure it? Administration and society 22, Vol(3), 275-302.* Carrie R. Leana (1986), Predictors and Consequences of Delegation, Academy of management journal, Vol(29), 754-774.* Alan Hurwitz (1996), Organizational structure for the new reality order, Business horizons (may-June), 5-14.* Bernard Keys and joseph Wolfe (1988), Management Education and Development current issues and rising trends, Journal of management, Vol(14), 205-229.* James M. Kouzes and Barry Z. posner (1990), The credibility factor what follower s expect from their leaders, Management review, January, 29-33.* Thomas A. Stewart (1989), New ways to exercise power, Fortune, November 6, 52-64.* Glenn L. Dalton (1998), The incarnate stretch, Management review, December, 54-59.* D.C Hambrick and P.A. Mason (1984), Upper Echelons The organization as a reflection of its top managers, Academy of Management Review, April, 193-206.* Cunningham et al (1996), Empowerment The power to do what?, Industrial Relations journal, vol(27), 143-54.Cunningham and Hayman (1999), The poverty of empowerment? A unfavorable case study, Personal review , Vol (28), 192-207Bibliography* Rollinson D. and Broadfield A.. (2002), Organizational Behaviour and psychoanalysis , 2nd edition, Pearson education.* Robbins S.(2001), Organizational Behaviour, prentice Hall New Jersey.* chapped R. (2003), Management, 6th edition, , Thomson.* Soffer C.(1978), Organizations in theory and practice, Heinnman London.* Dawson S.(1996), Analyzing organizations, 3rd edit ion, Macmillan.

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was born on May 8th, 1753 to Cristobal Hidalgo y Costilla and Ana mare Gallaga near Penjamo, Guanajuato. He was considered a Criollo or Mexican of Spanish decline that had been born in the New World.He was a very agile man who knew several languages, read French literature and wrote texts in Aztec. In 1773 Hidalgo y Castillo received his bachelors degree in faith from the Colegia San Nicolas in Valltolid. He was ordained in 1778 and became the non-Christian priest for the village of Dolores, Guanajuato in 1803. breed Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was an unusual priest. Contrary to Church doctrine, Hidalgo y Costilla was cognise to gamble, dance, challenge the papacy of Rome and keep a mistress. He was similarly known to speak out against the king of Spain.In 1803, when Hidalgo y Costilla was the priest of Dolores, his house was a well known gathering place. It was the equality in the house that drew plenty, with poor Indians and castes socializing with Sp anish and criollos. Current events and literary topics were frequently debated, but Hidalgos orientation grew more scientific as conviction passed. He was not so interested in literary cultural enlightenment, and was more concerned with the development of social consciousness and economic awareness. (Hamill 82)Hidalgo y Costilla was very interested in developing Doloress ability to be economically self sufficient. Colonists were prohibited from producing m all different types of commodities and this made its difficult, if not impossible, for the colonists to become self supporting. Two of these were wine and silkworms, both of which Hidalgo y Costilla encouraged.With the French seizure of Spain in 1808, the imposition of Joseph Bonaparte on the throne, and the creation of the Cdiz junta, Mexico exploded into crisis. The instability revealed acutesocial divisions within Mexico. The upper classes desire to establish an autonomous government that would represent their interests, and the lower classes struggled against the dominance of the local elites. (Kirkwood 75)There were many groups and each had their own list of grievances but they did be possessed of a few issues in common. One major criticism was Spains inability to govern Mexico properly. Another was the social identity change qualifying on with the Mexicans. They were becoming proud of themselves as a concourse and changing the attitude that anything European was possibly superior.In 1810, the audiencia in Mexico City took index number from Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont. The audiencia was not any better at main(prenominal)taing stability than any of the others and fearful of weak government leadership, semi-secret groups began meeting to discuss the nations future. To avoid detection, they conceal themselves as debate clubs or literary discussion groups. One such group was the Literary and Social Club of Quertaro, of which Father Hidalgo y Costilla was a member. Noted as a defender o f the guttletrodden, well read, and with a ability to forcibly express his ideas, he emerged as an important participant in the literary club in Quertaro. (Kirkwood 79)It was due to these qualities and the rise he had shown the people regarding the creation of their own industries that Hidalgo y Costilla had become the leader of a revolution. shopworn of the oppression of Spanish rule, he began planning for Mexico to gain its independence. By 1810 Hidalgos main energies were devoted to conspiring for an uprising that he hoped would lead to Mexican independence.The center of the conclave was the city of Quertaro, some fifty miles southeast of Dolores on the road to Mexico City. His cub conspirators, alsocriollos, planned to organize an insurrection and seize power from the peninsulares and their al lies. Initially, as a ruse, they would declare their fealty to King Ferdinand VII, but their get ahead final purpose was independence (Smith 12,13)The government got word of the upr ising and blend arresting people who were suspected of participating. Hidalgo y Costilla was informed that this was happening and contumacious to take action. Racing to the church, he used the bells to call all the parishioners to him and proceeded to book a stirring speech against bad government known as the Grito de Dolores (Shout from Dolores).This speech described the situation and feeling in Mexico so aptly that it is considered the beginning moment of Mexicos independence and made Hidalgo y Costilla a historic icon.Inspired by the Grito de Dolores, an phalanx of 700 followed Hidalgo y Costilla on a march towards Guanajuato, by the time they were nearly there, the army had grown to nearly 20,000 men.Despite his stirring speeches and large crowd of followers, Hidalgo y Costilla concisely run aground he was in charge of an unruly mob rather than a trained army. They overtook the granary at Guanajuato and defeated the royalist soldiers but soon after Hidalgo y Costillas mob began destroying property, burning and pillaging and killing landowners and their families. These excesses redoubled the resolve of the viceroy in Mexico City to put down the rebellion. Hidalgo and his military commanders were excommunicated, and royalist forces were raised to march north and engage Hidalgos multitude (Smith 13)It was at this point that Hidalgo y Costilla made his biggest military mistake. He did not realize the forces guarding Mexico City were weak and unprepared. If he had marched on Mexico City and taken it, the war for independence would have been over at that point.Instead he and his mob headed to Queretaro, but when they were defeated, they retreated back to Guanajuato. Hidalgo y Costilla and his army essay to escape to the United States when a large, well trained royalist army appeared outside of Guanajuato, but they were captured before they could cross the border.Hidalgo was arrested, charged and found evil of heresy and treason. He was also excommuni cated by an ecclesiastical court. Now he was no longer considered a priest and was a traitor to the Spanish. On the morning of July 30, 1811, the day after his degradation from th priesthood, Hidalgo went before a firing squad in the courtyard of the former Jesuit College which had been his prison since April. (Hamill 216)Despite the charges and his execution, Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla remains a hero to the people of Mexico. In Dolores, the Casa de Don Miguel Hidalgo, where he lived from 1804 to 1810, is full of furniture and document exhibits from that time. The Museo de la Independencia, or Independence Museum, has been converted from the old prison into a historical arts center.A larger than life bronze statue of Miguel Hidalgo graces the center of the commons and all around Dolores are opportunities to purchase Talavera, a type of porcelain introduced by Father Hidalgo.Matamoros, Mexico boasts a main square featuring monuments to Hidalgo and others who lost their lives in the Mexican War of Independence.More tributes and monuments are found throughout Mexico, Texas and surrounding areas. Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla may not have been a war poke general but his genuine concern for the plight of his people and his encouragement to fight for an independent Mexico has truly made him the Father of Mexican Independence. whole works CitedAnderson, Geri. Dolores Hidalgo Mexicos Cradle of Independence. 2007. 7 Mar. 2007Hamill, Hugh M. The Hidalgo Revolt Prelude to Mexican Independence. Gainesville, FL University of Florida Press, 1966. Questia. 5 Mar. 2007 .Kirkwood, Burton. The History of Mexico. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 2000. Questia. 5 Mar. 2007 .Smith, Clint E. Inevitable Partnership Understanding Mexico-U.S. Relations. Boulder, CO Lynne Rienner, 2000. Questia. 6 Mar. 2007 .

An Analysis of William Shakespeare’s Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay

renascence humanists guessd that if you want to build a moral society, you must lay out with the facts of human nature. Basically, this means that their beliefs be rooted on what can be seen, touched, and heard. Shakespeares play A midsummer Nights reverie crossed the boundaries of humanism and Shakespeare actually put in the play elements which humanists believe did non exist.For humanists, Nature itself constitutes the sum total of reality, that matter and not melodic theme is the foundation-stuff of the universe, and that supernatural entities simply do not exist. (Lamont 145). This follows naturally that people thence were with little, if at all, imaginative, and creative tendency. They were not keen to elements in lit termry works such(prenominal) as fairies, or other supernatural organisms elements which are present in Shakespeares play A Midsummer Nights trance. In the century preceding Shakespeare, humanist plays were a good deal considered dull and moralistic, as they were often in didactic form.Also, another attitude of Humanism towards the universe bid its judgment as to the nature and destiny of man, is grounded on solid scientific fact. (Lamont 145). They believed that man was the cream of the crop of Gods creation, and that the earth and everything that revolves whatever it are the center of the universe. Again, its not difficult to imagine that consequently, this ism not just now affects the scientific aspect of the era, moreover withal the culture, including literature and other humanistic discipline. People also took a belief in the interconnection of things, for example a physician administering a medicine according to the grade of the planets.But A Midsummer Nights Dream, written quondam(prenominal) in the late 1500s seemed to have crossed boundaries. First of all, there are supernatural elements in the play which sort of went against the Humanist philosophy approximately supernatural entities not existing. Actually, th e play is nothing short of sorcerous. Not only do the mortals in the play associated with fairies, but the maculation is manipulated by Puck, a hobgoblin. Bottom, on the other hand symbolizes a culture that survived from the Middle Ages until the Elizabethan times wherein reign donkeys dressed up as bishops or dogs with Hosts in their teeth would appear in court masques. (Bloom 73).Spirits and fairies cannot be represented, they cannot even so be painted, they can only be believed. (Bloom 87). Apparently, this is not in root with Humanist philosophy, and this is what Shakespeares play brought people to believe also by and by the plays publication. A Midsummer Nights Dream is Shakespeares first period of experiment with comic form. (Bloom 7). Compared to his tragedies, this comedy not only was a trailblazer for rediscovery of classical literature, it also knits together a number of different historical times and places, literary traditions, character types, and modes of thought. (Bloom 7).Humanists also believed that whatever he does man is a living unity of remains and personality, an inter-functioning oneness of mental, emotional and physical qualities. (Lamont 274). Apparently, in the play, when Puck put the magical love life juice in the eyes of Demetrius, Lysander, and Titania, this premise is not unvarnished anymore, as they were not in their right minds when pursuing different love interests.However, while Shakespeare challenged Humanism done his play, he also uttered his influences through the characters, the plot and the sub-plot.Italian Renaissance was an event which influenced Shakespeare in a lot of his works, but Italian Renaissance differs slightly from the incline Renaissance, aside from the fact that it preceded the English Renaissance. Italian Renaissance was centered more on visual arts but sonnets also bloomed through Petrarch and Boccaccio. By the time Italian Renaissance was coming to an end and English Renaissance was blooming, writers were then rediscovering the classical literatures from the Italian Renaissance and picked up the sonnets. Shakespeare apparently was one of those writers.Shakespeares influences with regard to some elements in the play come from Italian artists like the poet Ovid and the author Apulieus, which show Shakespeares rediscovery of the classical literature coming from the Italian Renaissance. For example, the story of Pyramus and Thisbe is told in Ovids Metamorphoses and the transformation of Bottom into an ass is descended from Apuleius The Golden Ass. Elements such as these show how vast Shakespeares influences are, and how experimental the play has become compared to his preliminary tragedies in terms of the characters and the plot. I can say that through Shakespeares play A Midsummer Nights Dream, people looked at themselves differently, and appreciated more the truelove of the arts. Before Shakespeare, people seemed stuck-up and were conformed to being moralized by their li terature. While it was necessary at that time, turn is really inevitable. And through Shakespeares experimentation in the said comedy, different discoveries and rediscoveries enabled people to shew out new things.Throughout the Renaissance, there was a significant change in the way people looked at the interconnectedness of things. Writers and thinkers questioned the connections, while retaining a sense of their beauty as symbols. A major change which this era experienced is that people interpreted the correspondences of things from literal to symbolic, and appreciated more the beauty of the symbols.Works CitedBloom, Harold, ed. William Shakespeares a Midsummer Nights Dream. sweet York Chelsea House, 1987Lamont, Corliss. Humanism as a Philosophy. New York Philosophical Library, 1949.A Midsummer Nights Dream. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.

Official Document

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Corporate Cruises provide a clientele with a larger budget, potential repeat guests and possibly a professed(prenominal) referral. They have to communicate that Empress is the destination for corporate events because Of the care and effort they put into their work, and the professional manner in which they will be ha ended. Technological The expanding digital landscape is changing how companies approach their business.More companies are looking to social media and the mesh for shipway to market their business. Whether it is creating a winning online experience or alter mobile commerce, digital marketing is a hot topic, with most companies any revamping or implementing new strategies. (Osaka, 2014) Many consumer look to the internet to image out about companies and compare and contrast them, and this technical change should be order in most business today. Competition Direct Competitor 1 Marinara Cruises Marinara has numerous fleets for different occasions and times of grade.They run through the winter, fashioning it possible to host holiday parties on the boat with heating. Marinara also has different computer menus for different times of day and events, and is also flexible for food adaption needs. In addition, Marinara offers demodulating packages and team building picnics excursion outlines with an itinerary the willingness, customer warm brochure is forthcoming in PDF online. Furthermore, the company is the largest hospitality cruise process in Canada, and also has received numerous awards and has professional associations (Torn to. Mom, 2014). These factors turn Marinara a strong leader of the cruise operation sector in Toronto. However, Marinaras kooky spot is its ling point Of catering to various audiences. This could work a meetst attracting corporate customers. In particular, offering chi ldren friendly option s such as childrens menu and optional goodies, as well as student discounts, whitethorn push away some clients who are looking for formal luxury and wish to avoid any lucks of being associated with a younger, less come on and sophisticated company.Direct Competitor 2 Yankee Lady Yankee Ladys largest expand point is being a warm, knownized local company. Their two yachts are designed and constructed in Toronto by the owners, and the larger one has capacity of ccc people it s smaller than Marinara or Empress, but large tolerable for corporate social events. Yankee Ladys website has a very customariness, informative team up build foliate, which discusses values about social aspects of workplace and corporate culture. However, there are strong signs that Yankee Lady has branding issues and a lack of effectual communication skills.For example, on the official website, Yankee Lady cites positive feedback from last(prenominal) corporate clients BMW, Mini, N ikkei and Dolce & Cabana. This suggests Yankee dad is seeking to associate itself with superior and luxury brands, as sees website, which stresses curvaceousness of the brand as well. However, this positioning is contradictory with some aspects of the brand. The name Yankee Lady itself is very casual and fails to reserve consumers associate the brand with weighed, premium values.Moreover, the first section shown under the menu tab on the website is on a budget, and one of the dishes is named cheesy and cheerful corporate would non want their employees and clients to see that and perceive the company as being cheap for choosing Yankee Lady. Unprofessional is also seen in word choices on their Faceable postings. Secondary & Indirect Competitors The scrapary competition consists of other(a) cruises operating businesses in Torsos waterfront.Any competitor in this fellowship either has searching branding from Empress of Canada, Yankee Lady and Marinara, operates in a smaller c uticle than the three companies, or both. In addition, we have identified corroborative competitors of the Empress of Canada this category includes a variety of businesses in Toronto that offer/can be utilize for corporate social events (please refer to acquaint? ). With increased awareness for the grandeur and benefits of social aspects at workplace, many local businesses remote the use of their venues for corporate social events.The top three results of Googles search performance with the key. odor corporate social events in Toronto are of articles making top 10 and top 6 recommendations for organizations offering team building activities 1) 1 0 great ideas for corporate events & afterward socials in Toronto (Ratchets d, 2014) 2) 1 0 Toronto Team Building Activities for corporate Groups (warrior, 201 1) 3) 6 Local & Affordable Team Building Activities in Toronto (Etcetera, 201 3) Recommendations vary in the level of physical activity, luxuriousness and affordability.Empress is non mentioned in either one of the three, while on the other hand, Spin, a pooping social club located in downtown Toronto, is named in each of them. The indirect competition of Empress is as significant as the secondary competition, if non more. This is because corporations first purpose of holding such events lies inside motivating/showing preference to their employees or clients their choice of venue or activity is a middling that helps them achieve it most effectively, and it does not have to be a cruise boat.Comparing Key Findings on Competitors to Empress of Canada In inclusion, no competitor truly offers the roll of luxury, the edge of the city getaway and the location convenience, tailored specialisedally to Corporate Canada. Empress of Canada has the strongest brand consistency, representing luxury, class and style, and its premium values are supported by the red carpet service and superior customer service experience they provide. However, Empress of Canada also ha s significant soft spots in terms of its online presence, which whitethorn result in losing customers to competitors.First, it is not featured on the Warburton official website, whereas boats of Yankee Lady and Marinara, amongst secondary competitors, are listed with pictures and website links. The Harbor-front project is funded by the municipal government, frankincense it is a credible information source that consumers can use for research. Secondly, Empress does not show up on the first page, when Google search is performed with the keyword Toronto cruises the search results are occupied by Marinara and secondary competitors. Last and most importantly, social media activities and customer engagement is inadequate, especially compared to Marinara.Empress needs to seek or more effective communication strategies, in order to defend itself from the competition (please refer to exhibit? ). PART 2 Marketing plan Target Market The Empress of Canada will use a small segment scheme that f ocuses on boisterousnesss selling. The target market will be businesses with over 100 employees located inside the Greater Toronto Area. These companies may be looking to run ply parties or staff appreciation events, or use the boat as an opportunity to meet with their clients.The focus will be on older and more refined companies which are looking for quality experiences and are more liable(predicate) to act as eliminate linens, while likely providing referrals to other organisational departments an d companies. Branding At the core of the Empress of Canada is a focus on quality of service. Both owners play a prominent role on the cruise and make it a priority to ever so offer superior customer service from the booking to the boarding the experience at Empress of Canada is always top notch. This quality of experience will be the focus of the companies branding.The customer experience serves to differentiate the Empress of Canada from other competing boat cruises, especially in regards to their positioning towards corporate clients. Businesses shouldnt have to worry about their companies experience when booking with Empress of Canada, they need to know that they are in good hands, and that they will get the top hat possible experience. Our Marketing efforts will aim to position Empress of Canada as a premium, formal luxury through a superior customer service experience.All media and advertising should be focused on this new branding strategy including this new identity in any outgoing promotions. The current tagging of, desire Live the Fun (found via Twitter cover photo) is not reflective of this business and our desired positioning of being the loyalty of the harbor cruises. In order to better meet the brands positioning, while keeping the quality top of mind for potential and current customers, the tagging that should be implemented is, Impress with E empress.This helps to show what the Empress does for the customer, as corporate clients will want to show off their status and make sure their own clients remain with them, they will want to impress them, standing(a) out from their own competition. Communication Strategy The main goal for this crowd is to raise awareness among the target market about the variety cruise options available when using the Empress Canada services, which will encourage both new clients to impinge on their first cruise as well to retain current clients.The target market for this particular campaign is corporations within the Greater Toronto Area, who will be reached through a variety of communication channels and mediums. This strategy will be supported by the use of print advertisements, direct electronic mails, and a variety of Faceable posts print The first tactic that will be use in this campaign is print advertising. The goal of these print advertisements is to gain new customers that ay not have heard of Empress before or have not yet considered it for a corporate gathering.Toronto Life Magazine was chosen as the publication in which to run the advertisements, as it reaches an audience of 795,000 people within the GTAG, with an average circulation of 90,563 per issue. Its primary readership average age is between 2554, with an average base income Of over $100,000 (Toronto Life, 2013). The magazine is released monthly, so it has a longer shelf life than weekly magazines or dally newspapers. This is a strong benefit for Empress, as the life of the ad will remain for the duration of at to the lowest degree a month. Toronto Lifes purpose as stated on their website is as follows Toronto Life and tortellini. Mom are the print and online destinations for people who want to get the most out of Toronto. Our goal is to add to their knowledge of the city, helping them enjoy its pleasures and fare with its complexity. (Toronto Life, n. D. ). The readers of this magazine look to it as a so urge to find ideas and suggestions for quality dining, entertainment, and events, which are all well in line with the services that Empress can offer. Empress will place its ad in the features section with premium ligament in order to better reach corporate groups and to associate with other businesslike offerings.If not straight reaching corporations, the rationale behind this billet is to reach a young professional demographic that may see the ad and then suggest Empress to their manager or boss for a corporate gathering. The cost of running a 1/3 page square print advertisement in Toronto Life magazine is $6,885, with an unneeded cost of $690 for premium placement (please refer to exhibit 3) (Toronto Life, 2013 The intent with this campaign is to run the advertisement twice erst in February 2015 and once in March 2015.The reasoning behind this timing is because corporations usually have their budgeting for the year finalized in February, so they are then able to start allocating their resources to specific costs, events, etc. February to May is usually the time in w hich most boat cruises are booked for the summer months, so it is important that Empress can advertise within this time frame to encourage more corporations to fill the available cruise time slots. An average advertisement consultation cost is $4000 for the installation of the ad.Included in Appendix is a mockup of a potential advertising judgment (Exhibit 4). This mockup was created with the branding and positioning of the campaign in mind it emits the idea of an upscale, luxurious boat cruise that would appeal to larger corporate audiences interested in a classy and elegant experience. The ad itself includes a description of possible ways in which corporations can use the services that Empress has to offer, including themed events, staff meetings, staff parties, retirement parties, and customer appreciation parties.As stated previously, the main goal of this campaign is to create awareness and inform our target market of differentiate in which report clients can use Empress, whi ch is what this ad is achieving. There are secondary potential risks involved with this aspect of the campaign. The first is that the reach of the magazine is far broader than Empresss target market, which means that cost s would be less directly targeted towards developed potential clients. With print advertising, it is also difficult to measure actual return on investment.It is important that the ad catches the eye of the reader and does not get lost in the clutter. Lastly, with a breakable response rate of just 13 bookings, there is a very limited risk of a negative return on marketing investment. Email The second part of our communication strategy is to focus on retaining past clients and encourage repeat purchases (please refer to exhibit 5). This will be executed through the use of an email platform, with a similar design aesthetic to the print ad campaign. The general purpose is to use a personalized message to ensure all past clients feel valued and appreciated.The email will initially act as a follow to the clients past purchase, thanking them for their business and asking to hear feedback on their experience with Empress. The second part of the email will stimulate future sales by suggesting new ways to SE Empress for their business entertainment needs. For example, an email to a client that once used the cruise for a company holiday party may include suggestions to host client parties on board as well. A final element oft he emails will include a link to a brief survey asking the client to provide feedback on their experience with Empress.These survey responses will create an internal data source from which Empress can draw information to better their services in the future. This tactic will use the customers familiarity and positive association with the brand to enhance sales. Rather than blindly emailing thousands of encounters off of an email list, it will prove untold more efficient and profitable to focus efforts on happy past consumers. T he openhanded rate will be much higher for those familiar with Empress, compared to a unconsumed who would very likely delete an email from an strange company without reading it.Targeting the email strategy to encounters and resulting in a high malediction rate could tarnish the Empress brand, as the emails could be seen as junk e-mail by potential clients. A m ajar advantage to an emailing strategy is that statistics regarding the penetrate of these emails is fully available to Empress. Conveniently displayed will be figures describing simply how many customer s opened the email, how many deleted it without opening, and how many replied or clicked through to the company website via the email.Furthermore, targeting past clients means that the contact information to channelize the emails is already available. Empress will not have to purchase a pricey database from a third party source. Overall, this strategy is extremely inexpensive as the majority of spending will be going towa rd designing the email. Furthermore, it is well-nigh less costly to focus on retaining past customers rather than gain new ones. This tactic is efficient, costiveness, and will have a high return rate. There are minor risks to this strategy.The first is that there is still a possibility of the emails being ignored and deleted, especially if the mail unintentionally ends up in a clients spam inbox. The possibility of this is extremely low as it is expected that all past clients would have Empress in their email orchestrate book. If this does happen, it will also be easy to track through the email metrics regarding deletion rate. Secondly, it may be seen as risk to invest in a marketing tactic that is not actually expanding the client base.This is easily justified as targeting past, satisfied clients will likely dumbfound more future sales with lower costs than targeting n ewe customers. Social Media Our final communication strategy focuses on improving The Empress of Canadas social media presence. In this we will be specifically focusing on a Faceable platform, as this is the largest and most important social media platform and will have the largest impact. evolution a large following on such a medium can allow Empress of Canada to circulate managing and promotional material in the longhorn, at virtually no cost.

Power of organizations Essay

lee Iacocca was born(p) Lido A. Iacocca, on October 25, 1924 to Nicola and Antoinette, who were both Italian immigrants. His parents were hard grazeing people and his father Nicola believed that the States was a land of opportunities. As long as people were involuntary to work hard, it America, it was possible to achieve anything. leeward followed his fathers work ethic and when he just a boy of ten years, he would fool away his wagon to the grocery store and wait outside. He volunteered to take the groceries of the shoppers to their respective houses for a tip.When he turned 16, he worked 16 hours a day in a fruit market. lee(prenominal) confesses that the depression of the mid-thirties resulted in a transformation to his personality and he became a materialist. He graduated from college with the goal of earning $10,000 a year till he was 25 and then, he planned to work towards becoming a millionaire (Iacocca, 1984). The depression also made lee side a less intolerant person towards muff in any form food, clothing or business and a conservative person in his investments. He always knew that disaster dissolve strike any time.During his school days, Lee also faced racial discrimination collect to the fact that he was Italian. Moreover, he was pained by the fact that his two Jewish fri closing curtains were treated worse than he was. When Lee was in Chrysler, he named Gerald Greenwald as the Vice President of Chrysler. He would be the first Jew to enter the top ranks of any of the top three auto runrs (Iacocca, 1984). afterwards his graduation at Lehigh, he got a job with Ford. But he could non pursue that job at that point in time, because he won the Wallace Memorial Fellowship at Princeton.He Graduated from Princeton and started operative for Ford in 1946. Lee married Mary McCleary in 1956 (Iacocca, 1984). Lee considered his family life very important and reserved weekends to spend time with family. Lees success in business was non only due to hi s hard work and education, but also due to his ability to vary to any situation (Swinfin, 2006). He was also a decisive military man and had the ability to take innovative decisions. In 1956, when his district was the last in sales, he introduced a new syllabus called 56 for 56. This program made it possible to purchase a new 1956 Ford for 20 % down and $56.00 a month for 3 years. The program was a colossal success and more than 75,000,000 cars were sold and his district secured the first place in sales. Lee also undertook the challenge of the Fairlane Committee, which was responsible for producing a new typewrite of car. Lee analyzed the research data on demographics and buying capacitor of Americans and concluded that the car must be small, but needed to require 4 passengers. There would be a 2500 LB limit, and the cost could not exceed $2,500. 00 with equipment. The end product was the 1964 Mustang (Iacocca, 1984).Iacocca Lee was a good attracter who used good marketing r esearch data, surrounded himself with good people, and was return to new ideas. Lee became President of Ford on December 10, 1970. He initiated a program called Shuck the Losers. This program gave managers 3 years to make their departments profitable or sell them off (Iacocca, 1984). This shows that Lee was also super competitive in approach and stern when he had to be. Though on that point were many successful projects while he was at Ford, by the end of 1975, Lee started having personal conflicts with Henry Ford II.Lee was fired in July of 1978 and thereafter he joined Chrysler on November 2, 1978. Lee found that Chrysler had a problem in its communication style and team work. He trim down his salary to $1 per year and bargained with the union for cuts in salary and benefits. First, Iacocca denote plant closures, job layoffs, and his plans for the company. His next move was cutting several thumping models, which were heavily unprofitable, and put the subcompact Dodge Omni an d Plymouth Horizon into production. The Omni and Horizon became egregious hits, selling over 300,000 units each their debut year (Iacocca, 1988).By 1983 Lee turned around the fortunes of Chrysler and repaid all government loans. Lee made a public statement, We at Chrysler borrow money the old fashioned way. We comprise it back. At Chrysler, Iacocca not only overcame a $3. 3 billion deficit but capped it with another $3. 3 billion profit between 1982 and 1984. That represents a net gain of $6. 6 billion, or an average enlarge in earnings of $6 million per day over the precedent period (Harmon and Jacobs, 2006). The administrative style of Lee Iacocca is based on tapping the undercover power of organizations.He peeled the encrusting layers of dead habits, vested interests, outmoded strategies and inertia and removed the lid on an enormous reservoir of productive energies. He did it by firing 33 of the companys 35 vice-presidents and allowing long-suppressed ideas, energies, an d talents to rise to the break through (Harmon and Jacobs, 2006). Thus Lee was responsible for discovering the potential of organizational power. This discovery not only brought into use hidden potentials but also created new possibilities.The administrative style of Lee Iacocca enabled organizational power to maximize the productive and effectual utilization of ideas, resources, energies, and opportunities. He combined the organization power with his personal talents at communication, decision-making, motivating, time management, flexible approach in leading, and innovation to achieve corking success as a leader. Lee Iococca, after his successful vocation at The Ford Motor Company and Chrysler, said, I seized the opportunity, but I was no ninety-day wonder. It took me almost forty years of hard work. This then, was the main origin behind his success.

Jack the Ripper’s identity Essay

INTRODUCTIONIn imposing 1888 a killer who became k this instantn as jackfruit tree the Ripper move overted the root of a series of capital punishments. To this day the identity of the killer remains a mystery. Five women were bru persistent-leggedy killed in the East End of London, by a maniac who appeared to kill with turn up warning and with no remorse.Why was the Ripper equal to(p) to birth a expressive style with his murders? Why were the constabulary powerless to stop him? These are round of the questions that s ordinary treasury puzzle Ripperologists who search for labourer the Rippers identity till this day, looking in old archives and books.ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVESResearch and cause k without delayledge on The development of the legal philosophy crusades in Britain in the ordinal century. Law and arrange in London in the latterly ordinal century. Whitechapel in the ordinal century.With this noesis you should be able to answer the interest questions 1. Descr ibe law of temper and order in London in the after-hours ordinal century. (15 Marks)2. Why did the Whitechapel murders attract so much attention in 1888 (15 Marks)3. Why were law unable to overtake old salt the Ripper? (20 Marks) indecisionSQUESTION 1DESCRIBE LAW AND ORDER IN LONDON IN THE 19th CENTRY.(15 Marks)Law and order in London in the new-fangled ordinal century was at a developing level, with new acts introduced this century, the way law and order was dealt with changed as the century was coming to an end.During the early and mid nineteenth century, watchmen patrolled the streets of London and special constables- this was ineffective as the number of civilians supporting in London forbiddennumbered those watchmen and constables to a great level. However, the introduction of the new metropolitan law Force in 1829 was set up to change the situation.The new guard force put in place by Robert Peel, was first-class honours degree constructed of 3200 men, 17 division s, 4 inspectors and 144 constables. As with any major introduction of mostthing, thither were many early problems for the constabulary force.However, as the years past on, the metropolitan Police force agnizeed much experience, and was able to deal more efficaciously with defections of law and order. To gain the peoples popularity, the Police Force carefully chose the uniform for its constables. The force was given a blue uniform, with a tailcoat and a helmet, which replaced the tall hat in 1870. The blue colour of the uniform was chosen because Lond unitaryrs dislike seeing the redcoats of the army, as this was associated with violence. Blue was the colour of the navy, which was given hero stance because of their contribution to the British war effort. This, I cerebrate was a well first step for the Met as it made the people appreciate and prefer them.During the 1880s, the training of new guard force officers was unsatisfactory, much of the training was on the seam and constables could often start their duty the hobby day. Ill training meant some patrol officers were inexperienced and couldnt deal efficiently with umbrage. This led to many adventures as the patrol disobeyed instructions. Ill policing as well led to the serious incident named Bloody Sunday on the 13th November 1887. Above all, towards the end of the century, the legal philosophy were seen as discriminating against Londoners of the lower classes and favouring people in the middle and velocity class- this damaged their reputation.Detective work was also improved as the nineteenth century progressed. At first, there were tho two inspectors and six sergeants. It was feared that investigators would see and wrick too lenient with criminals and as a result of this- become corrupt. The late nineteenth century bought radical changes to detective work. In 1869, the field of study Criminal Record was set up and dealt with infamous criminals, thereby cut the number of crimes. The Detective plane section in London was revised in the late nineteenth century- this led to the creation of a Criminal Investigations Department (CID) in 1877. In a space of 5 years, the number of detectives development by 78, as did the number of arrests made.Increasing the number of detectives alone was non enough, as this didnt increase the efficiency of their work. The detectives had to change the methods which they utilize in the early and mid nineteenth century in dealing with disreputable crimes. The detective methods did so far change in 1879 in dealing with murder parts. Now, the soundbox of a victim was not removed from its murder site, or anything else to do with it. These changes in the detective department showed that law and order was macrocosm enforce more efficiently and more criminals were being put to justice than before.another(prenominal) aspect that increased the competence of detective work in the late nineteenth century was the introduction of forensic s, finger printing and the Alphonse Bertillon method of identification. With these methods, detectives were able to examine primary or secondary sources got to with a murderer or victim in order to gather up evidence and happen upon out who the murderer is. This was an important change because murderers could be identified not only by an obvious clue lying in the murder site- this consequently meant that murderers became more intimidated and frightened to carry out a kill.Overall, the development of the police force in London in the late nineteenth century can be described as improve but unsatisfactory. I turn over that the improvements made to restore law and order was still insufficient. With the population of London at that sequence being 5,255,069- I depend having only 1383 police officers on duty was ineffective. Regular patrols could not stop a determined criminal. The police force would need to increase its size by many clippings so as to lead resistance and intimidat e criminals. Being in its infant years, I see only clock will solve this matter because as cadence passes, there will be improvements in technology, the police will gain more experience and improve their methods of dealing with crime. With the jacklight the Ripper murders round the corner, a crime like this will be enough to show the police force what they are lacking, how they are lacking and what things need to be grown into consideration.QUESTION 2WHY DID THE WHITECHAPEL MURDERS ATTRACT SOMUCH aid IN 1888?(15 Marks)In the space of two months or so, the residents of Whitechapel were horrified at the five murders that occurred in their nation by a somewhat impenitent sexual back-to-back murderer that was un known and could not be found. The privy murderer, who came to name himself cuckoo the Ripper became the focus of the press and media in late 1888, and attracted so much attention as he committed his rather natural killings to prostitutes who lived on a day-to-day b asis.In each of the five murders that the Ripper carried out he brutally mutilated the prostitutes, taking out what ever organs out of their bodies using his debatable anatomical skill. In my opinion, I believe the Ripper did possess anatomical/surgical skill, as he was able to take out certain organs like the kidneys out of his victims bodies without causing meaningless cuts.He also utilise a long bladed knife similar to those used by surgeons while carrying out amputations. The Ripper used this skill while mutilating the bodies of Annie Chapman who had her small intestines withdrawn of her abdomen. Mary Kelly also had her internal organs removed because the Ripper had a lot of time to commit the mutilations as he was alone in a room and could rescue his privacy away from public sight. I believe it was because of this reason- the ghastly mutilations on the prostitutes- that attracted the most attention to the people and police force as it showed what a determined murderer was cap able of doing. some other aspect of the goose the Ripper gaucherie that attracted so much attention in 1888 was bozo the Ripper himself. People were tidal bore to know who the Ripper was, his identity, his background, and simply why he targeted prostitutes and slashed, sliced and severed them the way he did. The letter that he sent to the police caused people and the police themselves to grow even more suspicious near the Ripper. For example, the Dear boss letter made people think that he was American. He visualized himself as a psychopath through this letter informing the police of what he will do in the future, I shant quit rupture them till I do get buckled. All these queries were conjectural to be answered by the metropolitan Police Force however, they werent able to catch the Ripper. This is the reason why the world press degraded them.British newspaper publisher business were eager to sell more and more newspapers these days as the Education Act 1870 made it compulso ry for everyone to attend school, meaning that now most of the British population was literate. The Fleet Street newspapers competed by constitution articles, that more likely were incorrect and unreliable. However, the only thing that mattered to the newspapers at the time was selling, and as the British population was enthusiastic nearly the murders carried out by Jack the Ripper, they published incorrect material. This shows how much attention Jack the Ripper attracted, as to keep him in the minds of the British population, the very source that everyone depended on rotund the truth, told a lieThe world press also played a big role in attracting attention to the murders. They deeply investigated the murders and at time produced inconclusive selective information and rumours that made the populace even more cowardly and intimidated to stroll through the alleys of Whitechapel at night. Offering rewards was a evasive action that the police used later on, which it previously t hought was insufficient to gain vigor evidence about Jack the Ripper and his whereabouts. By this, many people were attracted to the chemise and produced false evidence solely to get a reward in the end. This afterwards proved to be totally unsatisfactory as the police found the investigation harder as many people brought forward contrastive and inconclusive information with regard to the identity of the Ripper.The bifurcate murders that took place in the night of the 30th of September 1888 also caused people to grow imposing and attentive in the East End of London. The first victim of the double murders was Elizabeth Stride who was found to have several cuts in the neck and windpipe. It was supposed that the horse and cart of Louis Diemschutz who worked near to the pictorial matter of the murder disturbed the Ripper. Because of this, the Ripper went and hit a fourth prostitute named Catherine Eddowes less than half a sea mile away.What was peculiar about the Eddowes murder was not only that she had her intestines, left kidney and womb removed but that written in chalk above the inanimate womans apron were the words The Juwes are The men That go forth not be Blamed For nothing. This could have been a echt clue for the MPF as to who the Ripper was as they could have seen whether the hand piece of music of this matched the handwriting of the letters he sent to the police. But before they could do so, Sir Charles Warren, Commissioner of the MPF ordered the writing to be removed immediately to prevent any anti-Semitic tension.Another reason why Jack the Ripper attracted so much attention, was because of the tension mingled with political parties. A nonparallel killer was out in the streets of London, killing innocent women, and sitting in Parliament were politicians who looked to be doing nothing about this. As a result of the Jack the Ripper murders, the poverty stricken area of Whitechapel was well known, and so was the poverty that the residents s uffered. Opposition parties in the Government see this as an opportunity, to attack the Government, in saying that the poverty that they (the government) had not solved was to blame for these murders. If there were no poverty in Whitechapel, then one women would not have had to result to prostitution, and Jack the Ripper would have had no prostitutes to murder. Jack the Ripper attracted so much attention, that even the politicians in Parliament were talking about his actions.In conclusion, I think that it was the way in which the prostitutes were brutally butchered, and the amazement that the Metropolitan Police Force faced with dealing with the murders are what captive so much attention in 1888. In particular, I think the murder of Mary Kelly- the last of the Ripper murders- is what attracted the majority of attention in the Ripper case as the victim was viciously mutilated. There were cuts all over her form and most internal organs had been removed. The breasts were also cut o ff as well as her uterus. The heart was removed and could not be located. Because of this, I think it was this murder that made people most fearful and unplowed the dark alleys of Whitechapel deserted at night as the people living their knew that a determined murderer could well be at their doorsteps next.QUESTION 3WHY WERE THE POLICE UNABLE TO CATCH JACK THERIPPER?(20 Marks)The police were unable to catch Jack the Ripper for several major reasons. It was primarily that the police did not know who or what they were dealing with. This was due to the fact that Jack the Ripper was the first serial killer to be reported on at such a scale. The police were unaware of the fact that they were dealing with a serial killer, and more importantly did not know what a serial killer was.Jack the Ripper was the first serial killer who had been focused on at such a scale by the newspapers or the media. This was mainly due to the fact that most of the adult population of the time were now able to re ad and write due to the Education Act 1870. This boost the newspapers to write more about the Ripper, sometimes quoting unreliable sources which were also used by the police, leading them to false leads. As more and more of the public were getting interested in the Ripper murders, newspapers felt that they had to publish something on the Ripper murders differently the public would loose interest and the newspaper company loose money. hence the newspapers were forced into writing false/incorrect information in their articles.As the methods of investigation used by the police were still developing, and forensic information just starting, the Metropolitan police were unsure about how to conduct their investigation. As a result they resulted to any means possible and even took the false words of the newspapers as being true. Despite the fact that forensics experts of the time had visited the crime scenes and had drawn certain conclusions, the Metropolitan police still followed the false information published in the newspapers, despite the fact that it contradicted the conclusions drawn by the forensics experts. This shows how undeveloped the methods of investigation of the police was at the time as police were following information given by drunken lunatics who were giving witness accounts only to earn a little easy money, and based their witness accounts on the stereotypical image of the Ripper at the time to try and catch one of the most cunning and clever serial killers of all time.Another major factor why the police were unable to catch Jack the Ripper was that their nature of investigation was too narrow and that they should have widened their scope. At first the Metropolitan police believed that Jack the Ripper was someone local, from the evidence shown from his knowledge of the layout of all the alleyways and roadstead of Whitechapel. This enabled him to move very quickly and freely around the Whitechapel area without the police being able to catch hi m. This was very important because by the time the body of Jack the Rippers next victim was discovered he would have been long gone. A rumour had been spread about a man known as flog Apron as being the serial killer, Jack the Ripper.The police were intrigued by this information and were quick to respond. They arrested a man called John Pizer, a butcher from the Whitechapel area. He was foreign as many of the witness accounts suggested, and wore a leather apron, giving him the name Leather Apron. However he had an alibi, which cleared him of all charges. Again the police had followed false leads and had wasted more time. This then lead the police to believe that the murder was someone who was not from the Whitechapel area but could have had a job or another sort of connection within the area, because of his knowledge of the layout of Whitechapel.The police used many techniques to try and catch Jack the Ripper, however none of them succeeded. Firstly, the Metropolitan police increas ed the number of police officers and constables on the beat (on duty), each being placed within five minutes of walking distance of each other. However this did not work as the Ripper was still too quick for the Metropolitan police. Another method used by the police was to try and go undercover to catch Jack the Ripper. Some officers dressed up as prostitutes to try and lure Jack the Ripper into spending some time with them. However this did not work as there were no female officers at the time, and the men who dressed up still wore their typical police boots which were still recognisable despite the severely polluted smog that filled the air, blowing their disguise. Again the police had wasted more time, as their method of investigation was still unreasonable.These thoughtless actions were not unploughed quiet. Jack the Ripper news attracted worldwide attention. These actions were even commented on in the late York Times, the London Police must be the stupidest police force in the World. This did not give a good impression of the Metropolitan police force.On conclusion the police were unable to catch Jack the Ripper because of their lack of knowledge of serial killers and the undeveloped methods of investigation they used. When Jack the Ripper first started his campaign of murder, the police were unaware that they were dealing with a serial killer and more importantly did not know what a serial killer was.This was to the disadvantage to the police, as they did not know how to catch Jack the Ripper. Another factor why the police were unable to catch Jack the Ripper was the little knowledge of forensic science that they had at the time. The police were untutored in forensic science, and in many occasions altered the scene of the crime. Lastly, the police were unable to catch Jack the Ripper because of the methods that they used. The police at the time were uneducated in undercover work as well. They did not know how to disguise themselves into the normal p opulation to trap Jack the Ripper.