The Statute of the Man in the Modern Catholic Anthropology Essay

The Statute of the Man in the Modern Catholic AnthropologyABSTRACT In what follows, I dissect the renaissance of the idea of freedom as a fundamental measure of kind-heartedityity in the work of Karol Voitila (Pope John Paul II). I examine as well Karol Voitilas concept of the human person as found in his work Love and Responsibility as well as the encyclical Evangelium vitae, which affirms the incommensurable value of the human person. I also consider the celestial predestination of the human person as discussed in the documents of the Second Vatican Council. The prevailing motive in the philosophy of the Renaissance and the following centuries is the affirmation of human liberty and dignity on the base of his life on the Earth, the emphasis on the innate human striving for food, happiness and liberty, for universal perfection and entirety of the human nature, for organic unity between the spiritual and the physical.I can not disagree with Erih Fromm, who emphasizes that in tim e in the late Middle Ages the Catholic doctrines, and the philosophy of the Renaissance later, express the tendency to acknowledging the role of the human will and human exertion - the Catholicism is in harmony with the spirit, that dominates in the social groups, which economic status brings them the feeling of strength and independence.The Renaissance idea of freedom as a fundamental measure of human nature finishes in philosophy like Sheller and Sartr with apotheosis of the act and the constant choice. Butt the freedom as an act is simultaneously a human king of selfmaster, self-improvement, restraining the mean passions and motives. Freedom is also the ability to be loyal to ourselves and to our beliefs, to reach the real creation in which th... ...izons. (See . . , 1973, . 241-242).If we try to make a summary of the proposed in the Pastoral Constitution conception of the man, caused by the challenges off the atheism, the greatest of which is the general absence of any desi re of after life, we could say, that this conception, even with the elements of concretness and sociality is a conception of the authentic, fadeless man. That means that our thoughts must be directed to the outer world, which excels the real history and continues to be the transcendental knowledge source, the storehouse of the moral and social models, which permanently declare their position. (See Op. Cit, p. 244). And their durability is conditioned by our connection with God, which is now made actual due to the mediation of Jesus Christ and the present growth of man in Jesus Christ.....

Merger Problems -- No Problem :: essays research papers

I have documented in the previous paper for this section my beef with the authors that they have a ready-made set of excuses absolving workers of all of the blame for downward spirals in productivity - rather, its the cold sterility of com installer technology, or mergers, or globalization, or cost-cutting, or reengineering, or outsourcing, or some combination of the above that is to blame for the unraveling of the corporate culture as we know it. In the quarrel of Charlie Brown, Good grief. Perhaps its because Ive never been a part of a strong, warm workplace culture, but I believe that the authors underestimate the hold dear of just coming in, doing your job, and not worrying about having a social life or friends at work, and not carrying on about awful the trade landscape is today. Those things are all nice and might be life-affirming and lend "meaning" to a persons life, but doing the job is paramount to all of the above. (Its not politically correct to point this ou t.)Again, I want to reiterate a point I made in the previous paper a job is a privilege, not a right. There is no more right to a job than there is a right to win the lottery. I am a terribly lucky, blessed person to have the job that I have, and I work for someone who has the reputation of being an absolute monster at times. just now we have gotten so carried away with assigning rights we have no business assigning, rights that the recipients have no business having ascribed to them, that we forget that responsibilities are also involved. The concept of "rights without responsibilities" leads to anarchy, and realistic anarchy is the condition found in many factories and other places of employment today. And the fact that so many people have conspired to legitimize the crap put forth by the two authors - from the publishers to the universities that assign The New Corporate Cultures as a text - makes me wonder if the world has not lost its collective head.That said, the aut hors do make some good points about Merger Mania (the topic of Chapter 5) and its effect on organizational cultures, but they dont offer solutions to the problems rather, they slant to harp on the fact that the sacred employee is harmed in some way by the merger/ acquisition process.

Isaiah Essay -- essays research papers

Spring 2005 Professor Book review Mission in the obsolescent testamentCRITICAL BOOK REVIEWBibliographical info Kaiser, Walter C. Jr. Mission in the gray testament Israel as a Light to the Nations. Baker Books Grand Rapids, MI. January 2004.In assortmentation about the Author Walter C. Kaiser, Jr. is prexy and Colman M. Mockler Distinguished Professor of Old Testament at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary. He has a Doctorate. He is also the author or coauthor of several books. He is a strong advocate for Christians making Gods missional purpose a central theme in their lives. Missions cannot be an afterthought for the Old Testament it is the heart and core of the plan of God (38). Walter desires for the church, to not plainly participate in blessing to the greatest of ability, but also to receive the autonomous blessings the Lord has to offer us. Purpose of the Author Gods eternal plan was to provide salvation for all peoples it was never intended to be uncommunicative fo r one special group, such as the Jews, even as an initial offer It is the history of this offer and the way it was carried out in Old Testament times that will form the heart of our study here (10). Through this book Kaiser wants his reader to understand the correlation or the connecting point between the Old Testament and New Testament pertaining to missions. Kaiser wants the reader to understand that Genesis is the beginning for the call of missions, not the New Testament. He yearns for the reader to reflect on what he has to say and not only share his burden, but act on it. Kaisers of import purpose and focus is to fully define, expound, and elucidate the Old Testament mission in a way that his readers could have a better taste. Mission points to a central action the act of being sent with a commission to carry out the will of a superior. It is God who commissions and God who sends (11). Israel was to be Gods missionaries to the world-and thereby so are all who gestate in this same gospel (20). Kaiser puts things into simple terms and charges us or challenges all of us Who will go?Plan of the book Walter Kaisers main theme or plan, if you will, of the book is to refute the notion that the theme of missions inaugurated with the Great commission, but instead missions is a main theme throughout the Bibles entirety. Thus this theme of a mission to the whole world for... ...After reading this book I now have a greater knowledge and understanding for missions. As I said earlier it is Gods will that we are all called to be some form of missionary. When people think missionary they automatically think foreign land, but thats not what the word missionary means. Going to a foreign land is just one form of being a missionary. We are all called or charged by God to be some form of a missionary. Recommendation I in person have benefited greatly from reading Mission in the Old Testament. At first when assigned this book I assumed it was a book only for those who ar e preparing to go into the mission field to be used as a guide and a tool, but as I later find that my assumption was wrong. Instead this book was written for anyone who desires to know Gods plan, Gods purpose, Gods will, and Gods call for their individualised life. I also recommend it to be used in small study groups such as youth groups or a prayer meeting. I think every new and old Christian, if you will, should read this book. I myself have a greater knowledge and understanding of the Old Testament mission and standardised I said have a greater burden for Gods missionary plan and purpose.

Conjoined Twins :: essays research papers

Out of approximately every 400,000 births, four ar join. Of the four, trine give die within twenty-four hours. Of the remaining set of twins, 70% of them will either die (one or both) or they will live out their lives handicapped. The boilers suit survival rate for connect twins is between 5% and 25%. Considerably more males conjoin in the womb than females however females are three times as likely as males to be born alive. Approximately 70-75% of conjoined twins are female. Conjoined twins who survive are authentically miracle babies. They are a medical phenomenon, and even more so in society, for the survival rate of conjoined twins is so low that meeting conjoined twins that survived is a rare occasion.Conjoined twins, defined by Stedmans Medical Dictionary, isIdentical twins born with their bodies at some point and having varying degrees of residual duplication, a result of the incomplete division of the ovum from which twins developed.Simply put, conjoined twins are twi ns whose bodies are joined unitedly at birth.There are many different names for conjoined twins, however the two most common are conjoined and siamese. The word Siamese most likely originated from the twins Chang and Eng who were from modern day Thailand. Both words however refer to twins who are a form of monozygotic twins. monozygotic twins are create when a single fertilized egg splits into two embryos. Or perhaps in an easier to understand way, conjoined twins are formed when the zygote (a cell that is the result of fertilization) of identical twins fails to completely separate. This failure of the zygote to completely separate is not affected by heredity, infertility treatments, matriarchal age, or any other factors. The cause of the birth of conjoined twins is really unknown, and at this point completely random.There are several conjoined twins now present in the world, most of which have been featured in some kind of news article or TV show. many of the most famous conjo ined twins are Chang and Eng Bunker, and Mary and Eliza Chulkhurst. Chang and Eng were Chinese Americans born modern day Thailand in 1811 and are most likely amenable for the term Siamese Twins being coined. Mary and Eliza are the earliest known set of conjoined twins. They were born in 1100 in Biddenden, Kent, England.There are many different types of conjoined twins, depending upon where the twins are joined together.

Socrates :: Papers

SocratesWho is Socrates? Socrates was a Greek philosopher. He was the best of his time (400s BC), and is considered one of the wisest people of all times. Also, he was the first of three of the greatest teachers of ancient Greece. He was born and died in Athens. He was a short philosopher, who wore only a white robe at all times and all seasons. Socrates wasnt interested in money nor fame. He wrote no books and most the information known about him comes from his students Plato and Xenophon. He lived and ground his teachings on principles and morals. He is well known for viewing philosophy as a pursuit of proper and for saying that philosophy was necessary to all men. He is also known for introducing two new methods the Socratic Method and Socratic Irony. His philosophy and teachings have affected todays way of thinking and coetaneous philosophy in many waysEarly LifeSocrates lived thousands of years ago. There are no true records saying when he was really born, precise ly Diogenes Laertius said, in his citation of Apollodrus Chronology, that Socrates was born in the fourth year of the 77th Olympiad and on the sixth day of the month called Thargelion.1 Plato said that he died at the age of 70 in 399, therefore being born on 469 BC (just ten years after the death of Confucius). He was the son of a sculptor named Sophroniscus, and a midwife named Phaenarete. There is not a lot of information about Socrates education. Plurach wrote that a fortuneteller once told his father to let Socrates do whatever he wanted, allow him free play without forcing anything on him.2 He made sure he got the appropriate elementary education. He was taught literature, music, gymnastics, and sculpture.3 Later, Socrates became interested in Geometry, the language and dialectics of the Sophists, the speculations of the Ionian Philosophers, and the general culture of Athens. In the Parmenides, Socrates, when he was very young, went to hear Zeno read a treatise and talk s with him and Parmenides. Plato wrote that Socrates mentioned seeing Parmenides use the question-answer method (which he later utilize himself). In the writing the Meno, Socrates says that Meno was his teacher, in the words of the writer, he said that Meno was as bad a teacher to him as Gorgias was to Meno.

Socrates :: Papers

SocratesWho is Socrates? Socrates was a Greek philosopher. He was the best of his time (400s BC), and is considered one of the wisest people of totally times. Also, he was the showtime of three of the greatest teachers of ancient Greece. He was born and died in Athens. He was a short philosopher, who wore only a white robe at all times and all seasons. Socrates wasnt interested in money nor fame. He wrote no books and most the information known about him comes from his students Plato and Xenophon. He lived and based his teachings on principles and morals. He is well known for viewing doctrine as a pursuit of proper and for saying that philosophy was necessary to all men. He is excessively known for introducing two new methods the Socratic Method and Socratic Irony. His philosophy and teachings have affected todays way of thinking and contemporary philosophy in many waysEarly LifeSocrates lived thousands of years ago. There are no true records saying when he was really born, but Diogenes Laertius said, in his citation of Apollodrus Chronology, that Socrates was born in the fourth year of the 77th Olympiad and on the sixth day of the month called Thargelion.1 Plato said that he died at the age of 70 in 399, therefore being born on 469 BC (just ten years after the death of Confucius). He was the son of a sculptor named Sophroniscus, and a accoucheuse named Phaenarete. There is not a lot of information about Socrates education. Plurach wrote that a fortuneteller once told his father to let Socrates do whatever he wanted, discontinue him free play without forcing anything on him.2 He made sure he got the appropriate elementary education. He was taught literature, music, gymnastics, and sculpture.3 Later, Socrates became interested in Geometry, the language and dialectics of the Sophists, the speculations of the Ionian Philosophers, and the ordinary culture of Athens. In the Parmenides, Socrates, when he was very young, went to hear Zeno read a treatise and talks with him and Parmenides. Plato wrote that Socrates mentioned seeing Parmenides use the question-answer method (which he later used himself). In the writing the Meno, Socrates says that Meno was his teacher, in the words of the writer, he said that Meno was as bad a teacher to him as Gorgias was to Meno.

Essay on Edwin Chadwick

Edwin Chadwick was a man that made a huge different in our world a long time ago. Mr. Edwin Chadwick was born January 24th, 1800 and passed away July 16th, 1890. He lived a very long career and it was wholly due to the changes in the world that he made that prolonged his life as well as our lives today. I know everyone is asking the same question, What did a man that died about 120 years ago do that helps prolong my life today? I will tell you and explain how we still live by Mr. Edwin Chadwicks changes and use his invents to this day.Mr.Chadwick was born in Manchester, England but was raised by both his parents in London. Mr. Chadwick was an attorney. Edwin Chadwick received his earliest education in Longsight and Stockport. In 1810, his parent decided to more to London where then begun to receive education by private tutors. Mr. Edwin Chadwick was an attorney that was wholly about making changes in the reforming of the poor laws and making well conditions better so it could i mprove the public health. Mr. Edwin Chadwick believed that his inventions would not only improve the health of commonwealth, but it would also save money.In 1834, Edwin Chadwick was given a job as the secretary of the Poor Law Commissioners. Mr. Chadwicks sanitary ideas made the politics fierce and sustain criticism. Mr. Chadwick paid out of his own expense for researches and publishing papers about the unsafe sanitary conditions. Mr. Edwin Chadwick had a lot of problems with his superiors and there was a lot of disagreement that lead to the dissolution in 1847 of The Poor Law Commission. At the same time that Edwin Chadwick was working for The Poor Law Commission, he was respondent questions about sanitary and trying to find away to improve it.Mr. Chadwick was all about making changes in reforming of the poor laws and sanitary conditions. Mr. Chadwick strongly believed that the unsafe sanitary conditions were causing illnesses and lots of unnecessary deaths. Mr. Edwin Chadwick was putting together ideas that later was known as the sanitary idea. In 1842, Edwin Chadwick invented what we know today as the sewage tank. He found a healthier and proper way for removal of trash and sewage. Mr. Edwin Chadwick knew that the odor from the sewage and trash was harming the public.Mr.Edwin Chadwick also knew that by putting the sewage underground and running it through a special pipeline into a special designed tank would be healthier for the public and by doing so the unpleasant odor (miasmas) from the above ground sewage and trash would disappear. After Mr. Chadwick introduced the sewage tank and proper trash removal the life expectancy increased. Edwin Chadwick invented the self flushing toilet it was lined in glazed bricks. We use these several times today and never really thought about where they came from or what life would be like without them.Mr. Chadwick invented and changed our sanitary conditions by doing so there are few illnesses and deaths. We can fl ush our toilet and do not have to smell that fetid odor from the gas that would one day kill us. Edwin Chadwick had the idea of separating the sewage lines and water line a distances away from each other. By doing so it turn out clean fresh drinking water that we enjoy today. In 1847, Edwin Chadwick changed the amount of smoke and soot that comes from chimneys. He created a law that protects the public from the harm of circumstances materials.By doing so Edwin Chadwick helped control the pollution in our environment. This made it a lot easier and safer for people to breath fresh air and enjoy being outside. Edwin Chadwick hale the government to get health inspectors to see that our community stays safe, so that we could have healthier lives. He also pushed the government for better-ventilated and less crowded lodgment for families, wider streets for traveling to and from, workplace health and safety legislation for employees, increased use of indoor plumbing, and stops the chil dren employment in factories.In 1854, Edwin Chadwick pushed the government to registration of all births, all deaths, and all marriage. It is amazing that if it was not for Edwin Chadwick we would not have birth certificates of our children, death certificates of our loved ones, or marriage endorses to our spouses. A drivers license is needed to get a job and/or any government help that anyone might need. In 1854, Edwin Chadwick pushed the government to registration of all births, all deaths, and all marriage.It is amazing that if it was not for Edwin Chadwick we would not have birth certificates of our children, death certificates of our loved ones, or marriage licenses to our spouses. By inventing these certificates we can keep count of the population of people today. Because of Edwin Chadwick, We have birth certificate for our husbands, sons, daughters, and ourselves. We have marriage licenses to show our husbands when they acts crazy okay and the men can show them to the wives too. We need death certificates to claim life insurance policies of loved ones.

Human Rights Essay

The issue regarding charitable rights violations became prominent for the first time after the secant World War. After the war the foundation of the united Nations acted as an impetus towards the initial development of the framework regarding the Human Rights. At first the crimes committed by the Nazi g all overnment in its occupied countries had been in focus. Before that there know only been some limited attempts made regarding forbidding international striver trade and standardizing working conditions. The initial efforts made in this regard were in the form of declaration.Further progress was made in 1946 when the ECOSOC set up a Commission on Human Rights and later a Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights was formed. (Rittberger & Zangl, 2006) This was the beginning of the UN Human Rights regime. This paper will discuss the event and development of the UN Human Rights Regime. The paper will also discuss the overall performance of the UN Human Right s programme during the last 60 eld, its achievements and failures, pros and cons as well as given an insight about the future prospects of the Human Rights regime in the twenty-first century.UN Human Rights Regime The UN oecumenical Assembly adopted the Universal firmness of purpose of Human Rights in 1948. This was the basis and foundation of the framework later developed for the protection of merciful rights in later years. Since it was an initial effort the Universal solvent was a non-binding declaration, which means that non of the members of the United Nations were legally bounded, neither all body of the United Nations has been given the legal right to bound, judge or sanction any legal action against the members of the United States.Nevertheless, if any state violates forgiving rights, then its exercise will no longer be considered an internal matter and it could be brought to the agenda of the principal organs of the UN. In this manner the sovereignty of the states o ver their citizens was restricted and the principal of non-interference in domestic help affairs was not as reasoned as it has been in the past. (Rittberger & Zangl, 2006) Since the Declaration was non-binding, thus there was no legal framework, which could be enforced upon the member states at that time.In this sense the Human Rights regime was not properly functional because it has no legal authority over sovereign states. After the adoption of the declaration the second phase was the development of legally binding framework and codification of the homosexual rights. It took almost 18 years for the member nations to agree on the foreign Covenant of Civil and Political rights and International Covenant of Economic, Social and Cultural rights, as they were formally adopted by the UN General assembly in 1966.But simple approval by the General Assembly was not enough, as the legal binding of these two codifications will come into effect only when a sufficient number of member stat es take away ratified the codifications from their respective houses of legislatives. This also took more than 10 years and finally in 1976 both covenants were ratified by sufficient number of states. In the nigh 30 years the number of countries, which have ratified the covenant has reached to 154 for the first and 151 for the second covenant. (Rittberger & Zangl, 2006)In 1993 the first UN High Commissioner for Human Rights was appointed. The High Commissioner is appointed by the Secretary General He is responsible for working with all level of governments internationally in order to achieve the objective of protecting human rights crosswise the globe. In a broader sense the High Commissioner has the responsibility to encourage and defend the human rights whether they atomic number 18 civil, policy-making, economic, social or cultural. (United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Office of the (OHCR), 2009)The United Nations human rights regime consists of several(prenomi nal) bodies and programmes like the Commission on Human Rights, the Sub-Commission on Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, as well as several treaty monitoring bodies like delegacy on Economic Social and Cultural Rights, Human Rights Committee, Committee against torture, Committee on the elimination of racial discrimination, Committee on the elimination of discrimination against women, and Committee on the rights of the Child.All these committees as well as the Commission of Human Rights and the Sub-Commission to Promote and Protect Human Rights are the subsidiaries of the UN General Assembly. There are also several Country and Thematic Special Rapporteurs, and working groups which work under the Commission of Human Rights. Another main(prenominal) organ of the Human Rights regime is the International Court of Justice. The era of the UNCHR can be divided into to parts, the first from its foundation to 1966 and the second from 1966 to 2006, when finally it was retired.During t he first 20 years the UNCHR main operations were to draft the standards and prepare a number of international human rights instruments. During this period the UNCHR refrained from making judgement or allegations against any circumstances, which were considered stringently domestic affairs of that state, unless the pledge Council deemed it as threat to peace when the matter comes forward on the Security Councils agenda. During this period the Commission did not aimly dealt with human rights complains.Beginning with 1967 the UNCHR began to establish itself as a legal body and was authorised to deal with and investigate human rights violations and monitor compliance of international human rights natural practice of law by the states. Later on the Commission broadened its domain to economic, social and cultural rights also. (Human Rights, 2009) The generalization and vagueness of the articles regarding human rights in the UN charter and the contradictory interpretation of these arti cles by some(prenominal) states has practically barred the UN to take any effective action in this regard.The same is the case of most of UN organs, which have the responsibility to monitor human rights roast in the member states. There has been a general criticism on the effectiveness of the UNCHR and its subsidiaries. The main reason of the ineffectiveness was because of the absence of supranational authority, divisive source politics, and imposition of crippling by member states, which has plagued the ability of swift and effective UN actions in defence of human rights. (Human Rights, 2009) There are many cases in which major world agencys deliberately thwarted the efforts made by the UN in order to protect their take in political interests.Moreover the actual responsibility of promoting and protecting human rights rests in General Assembly and its subsidiary organs as mentioned above. Ironically neither the General Assembly nor its subsidiaries have any legal sanction over the member states. The only UN organ with this authority is the UN Security Council, which is not the most desirable and affective platform to solve human rights issues. This is because many permanent Security Council members like Russia and chinaware have the switch human rights promotion or protection record and are mostly accused off human rights subvert within their jurisdiction.Therefore it is highly unlikely that they will allow the Security Council to pass any resolution against their or their associate interests. Opposition by China and Russia preventing the Security Council to take action against Serbian persecution of Albanians is an example. (Human Rights, 2009) On the contrary Security Council is sometimes accused off being manipulated by the world powers to pursue their own political agenda regardless of the human rights condition on the subject states. Held, McGrew, Goldblatt &Perraton, 2006) There have been many cases where the human rights violations were delibe rately ignored by the political powers like in Sudan, where the Arab militia virtually annihilated the ethnic African population, or in Chechnya, where the Western countries did not dared to intervene fearing that it will infuriate Russia, or in Tibet, where China is responsible for alleged human rights violations like genocide, racial discrimination etc.Since all the subject states in these situations either have direct influence in the Security Council in the form of Veto power or they are close allies with those who have it is near impossible in the current circumstances that they will be held responsible for the human rights violations they have committed in the above mentioned regions. Another important part of the Human Rights regime are the NGOs. Many international human rights NGOs like the Human Rights Watch, the Amnesty International etc has done a great job in highlighting and manner of speaking forward several human rights violations across the globe.These NGOs have a r emarkable ability of social networking with their domestic counterparts in the subject state and with the help of these domestic movements and NGOs they not only dig out hidden or concealed human rights violations practiced by many authoritarian regimes in the region, but they have also help to defame, demonise and discredit such governments and state among the masses, thus making difficult for them to continue their practices.The New Developments in the 21st CenturyThe 21st century started with global events like the 9/11 which entirely changed the scenario and the circumstances in which the Human Rights Regime as to operate. During the War against terror the United States and her allies set aside all the international human rights laws and denied to give the detainees they have caught during the Afghan war the rights of detained military personnel according to the Geneva convention. They put them in an isolated facility in the Guantanamo Bay and barred them from any legal aid or p roper hearing the courts. They were also allegedly tortured to the worst degree.The same happened when the U. S led coalition toppled Saddam and established a prison in Abu Ghuraib. The CIA has been accused of snatching the suspects from their homes across the globe and holding them in sequestered prisons run by the CIA without any proper jurisdictions. Most of the people in these cases were not the real terrorist at all. All this deliberate negligence and violation of human rights by Western countries, particularly the United States who has championed themselves for the human rights in the last six decades has raised concern in the world about the future of the human rights regime.Most third world countries are now compelled to think about the double standards of the West regarding the human rights. They now think the international human rights law is only another continuation Western colonialism and the West has used it to achieve its own interests and punish those who stand agai nst them. This has further discredited the UN Human Rights programme among the masses. (Archibugi, 2008) In March 2006 the General Assembly voted to replace the UNCHR with the UN Human Rights Council.The UNHRC is currently the highest UN body, which monitors, promotes human rights and prevents any human right abuse across the globe. It is an inter-governmental body within the UN System. The difficulties and disabilities, which had plagued the UNCHR in the last 60 years, still exist in this new regime. The council is merely acts as an advisor to the General Assembly, which can only advice the Security Council, where the Veto power acts as the primary obstacle in achieving the goals regarding the Human Rights.Moreover the United States has always reacted negatively regarding the Council. U. S. voted against it during the foundation resolution and still did not seek a seat in it. United States and many of its allies have raised concerns regarding the biased behaviour of the Council aga inst Israel in particular. (Lazaroff & AP, 2007) The overall analysis of the last 60 years of the Human Rights regime exhibits that despite its certain weaknesses the UN Human Rights programme has done well to establish and promote human rights across the globe.

How is the practice of Buddhism expressed in the United States?

It is no surprise that Buddhism has been embraced by the Americans with gusto. The Buddha was a cosmos of ethics. And, the Chinese bodhisattva is a lady of compassion. Such ar the deep values that the American peoples have cherished over the ages moral principles coupled with compassion. The Chinese bodhisattva, in particular, is a great inspiration for the Americans. She is Kuan Yin She Who Hearkens To The Cries Of The World (Blofeld, 1997). Is this non the present definition of America as well in global affairs? Zen Buddhism has acknowledged that All is One. In other words, at that place is no essential difference between the different kinds of Buddhism practiced in the United States directly. Rev Patti Nakai writes that the American female followers of Tibetan Buddhism have been at the heading of dealing with womens issues. To put it some other way, the American char is trying to closely follow She Who Hearkens To The Cries Of The World. The American man, too, is followin g her lead, by voicing his agitation at injustices passim the world, and supporting his government in struggling for valet rights everywhere.The American women, while fighting for womens rights, do not hesitate in mentioning Shakamunis denunciation of women to prove their point, however. Shakamuni knew women as mere objects before it was explained to him that women, too, should be habituated a chance to grow in spirituality, simply because everything in this world is impermanent. Fin whollyy, Shakamuni did conform to to respect women he had seen impermanence in the death of his father. Before this event, he had been taught that women were akin to animals that are trained to breed, nurture, and How is the practice of Buddhism expressed in the United States?3 entertain the opposite sex. Shakamuni had seen all the women in his life from his stepmother to his wife, to all the dancing girls and servants of his palace, as creatures that lived solely to please men. The qualifying ca me only when Shakamuni was told by Ananda, Give women a chance we cannot say for sure that they will fail unless they have a chance to study and follow the Dharma (Nakai). In any case, it was the aunt of Shakamuni Buddha who became the first Buddhisticic nun and an inspiration for the American Buddhist women apart from Kuan Yin (Nakai).On the other hand, the American man is inspired by Shakamuni Buddha himself, who can learn and grow based on new experiences without turning back to his time of ignorance. This time of ignorance is experienced by every soul the Buddhist American man delights in the fact that in that location truly is no turning back once he has had a chance to study and practice the straightforward, uncomplicated and harmless Buddhist principles. Yet another reason why American women have embraced Buddhism is that the Buddhist concept of karma, with its emphasis on self-knowledge, has become a powerful source in helping them get the best the hardships they faced i n life.American women believe that by employing the Buddhist concept of karmic retribution, they hold themselves responsible for the tragedies in their lives. These women have now come to believe that those tragedies are of their admit making that they have created their own suffering. Practicing Buddhism, then, is a form of psychological healing, by means of which they not only engage in the Christian expression of sleep together thyself but similarly begin a process of self-renewal. Sharon A.Suh (2004), the author of Being Buddhist in a Christian World Gender and Community in a Korean American synagogue further writes that the Buddhism of psychological healing for female practitioners at the Korean How is the practice of Buddhism expressed in the United States? 4 Buddhist, Sa Chal Temple in the United States, differs from the Buddhism understood by the male practitioners, who do not understand Buddhism as an emotional and fortune-seeking religion like the women do. Rather, th e American man appears to show more interest in the intellectual and political approaches to Buddhism.He wants to genuinely understand how Buddhism can be used to further the interests of his nation besides astir(p) his position/ situation in the home and workplace. American Style Buddhism There are two main types of Buddhism being practiced in the United States today the Asian immigrant Buddhism and the American convert Buddhism. On the surface level, the only difference between the two forms of Buddhism lies in the respective rows spoken by each group. On a deeper level, there are quite a few differences in the way each group comprehends Buddhism.The practices of each group differ but naturally. In our day, there is an increasing body of scholarly research and writings on the American convert Buddhism, and although the American individual wants to look at all kinds of Buddhism, he or she is left with no choice but to engage in American style Buddhism. The American is, no doubt, expected to understand his or her language more clearly, apart from the benefits of easy identification with American style expressions (Suh). Converting to another religion always requires study. The American Buddhist is not naive either.All styles of Buddhism (and all religions, in fact) look upon the welfare of the individual with respect to the human society, as well as the welfare of the human society with respect to the individual, as their chief interest. The American Buddhist is not only practicing different kinds How is the practice of Buddhism expressed in the United States? 5 of meditations to be at peace with himself and the world but, as mentioned previously, also to fight for human rights in the United States and across the world, albeit peacefully.Karma Lekshe Tsomo writes on the womens rights issue at the forefront of Buddhism Since 1987 Buddhist women from around the world have begun to conjoin on a grassroots level and assume leadership in working for the welfare of human society. Now, just fifteen years later, the Buddhist womens movement is recognized as a highly dynamic forum representing over 300 million women worldwide. This movement, emerging from the margins into the international spotlight as a force for social change, is an example of how women can unite their resources and talents, workin harmony, and make significant contributions to global understanding. This innovative movement focuses on Buddhist womens issues and perspectives, but embraces all living beings. It is innovative in incorporating scholarly perspectives, spiritual practice, grassroots activism, and cultural performance as equally valid dimensions of womens experience. Creating a forum that unites women from such a rich variety of backgrounds, disciplines, and perspectives with respect and appreciation is an expression of womens enormous potential for global transformation (WomenPracticing Buddhism). Buddhism looks upon itself as a religion of peace. But, for there to be overall peace within the individual and the human society, all issues of importance to the individual must be dealt with in a peaceful and brotherly manner. The American would not feel satisfied until he has dealt with issues that concern himself. It is difficult for this individual to feel at peace until he or she has intelligently tackled the human rights issues in society, for example, sexual discrimination. After all, the American has converted to Buddhism keeping its benefits in mind.This individual would not settle for less, just as the Buddha never sacrificed his principles. The American Buddhist would like to experience peace at home, peace at work, and peace in the community at large through his or her conversion to Buddhism. inconsistency and discrimination, as an example, have stolen peace at many levels. But, Buddhism is encouraging How is the practice of Buddhism expressed in the United States? 6 the American to be true to Self, and to be at ease in every situat ion in order to successfully engender peace.Karen Andrews, an American Buddhist woman, explains the meaning of discrimination in Buddhism itself Buddhism has, throughout its history, slowly moved east, from India through China, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Korea, Japan. Most recently, it has begun its jump across the ocean to the United States. With each move, the expression of Buddhism has changed to suit the culture of the people. Buddhism has not yet been in the United States (or any other Western country) long enough to develop into a clear new form, suitable for Western culture.There are many aspects of conventional Buddhism which need slight adaptation in order to be accepted within the complex structures of Western society. One of the areas of traditional Buddhism which modern Western Buddhists watch over the most enigmaatic is the area of gender. In most Asian Buddhist traditions, the leaders and teachers are all male, while females are given less honored roles. Western Budd hists tend to come from highly educated and socially liberal backgrounds, which means that they tend to feel that men and women are equal and should be given equal opportunities in all endeavors.This difference of opinion between Western and Asian Buddhists causes a certain amount of tension. Even though the American woman loves Buddhism for the freedom, dignity and peace it allows her to enjoy, this Eastern religion is also disadvantageous in terms of Buddhist patriarchy. To take control of this disadvantage, many American women have pioneered a gender-neutral and gender-free way of understanding and practicing Buddhism. This has been made easy by the fact that Buddhist teachings do not revolve around divine revelations that would allow for no change in the understanding and practice of Buddhism.American women who have been raised to hate discrimination, have chosen to ignore the obvious sexist practices in Buddhism by following a middle path. In so doing, however, they have ensure d that they do not step out of Buddhism altogether (Boucher, 1998). The American Buddhist men have agreed with the American Buddhist women on this issue. They have been taught to hate discrimination, too. How is the practice of Buddhism expressed in the United States? 7 And so, American Buddhism does not face a dire problem of discrimination within the institution itself.Besides, peace is helpful and hence, Buddhism is good news in America. How is the practice of Buddhism expressed in the United States? 8 References Andrews, Karen. Women In Theravada Buddhism. lend of Buddhist Studies, Berkeley. Retrieved 25 June 2007, from http//www. enabling. org/ia/vipassana/Archive/A/Andrews/womenTheraBudAndrews. html. Blofeld, John. (1997). The Bodhisattva Of Compassion The Mystical Traditions Of Kuan Yin. Boston, MA Shambhala Publications, Inc. Boucher, Sandy. (1998). Turning the Wheel American Women Creating the New Buddhism.(1st rev. ed. ). New York Beacon Press. Nakai, Rev. Patti. Women in Buddhism. urban Dharma. Retrieved 5 December 2006, from http//www. urbandharma. org/udharma/womenbuddhist. html. Suh, Sharon A. (2004). Being Buddhist in a Christian World Gender and Community in a Korean American Temple American Ethnic and Cultural Studies Series. Seattle University of Washington Press. Women Practicing Buddhism American Experiences. Smith College. Retrieved 5 December 2006, from http//www. smith. edu/buddhism/index. php.

A Little Literature: Reading, Writing, Argument Essay

A Little Literature Reading, Writing, Argument is a volume that spans across sextuple genres of literature and allows the reader to get a taste of classical and contemporary issues regarding the different values of troupe and how they evolve amongst secondary glossinesss (Barnet). The macrocosm to sling fall clouds, by Leslie Marmon Silko The slice to send come down clouds was originally published in the late 1960s. The story revolves around the culture of the native Indians and the deduction of culture in every day domestic life.The story presents to the reader how external influences impinge on these domestic values and customs, and how these external influences continue to do so as time passes by. Using the oddballs of the Catholics and the Pueblos, Leslie Marmon Silko has narrated how an evolving culture is considered to be a fading culture and how the commonwealth of that culture attempt to keep it a perish in its original influence through their actions and prefere nces. This is a story about an hoary man and his grandsons and their wives.It begins with the death of the old man, the story implies, that the old man and his grandsons were shepherds and farmers. The old man being leftover to tend to the sheep dies peacefully under the shade of the tree. The grandsons when discover that he has died, they adorn his face with paint symbols similar to that of the native Indian rain makers. Then this theme heads on home. However in the entire story, there is a lack of perception and expression on the grandsons part. The only emotion that atomic number 50 be ascertained is that of interest and anticipation on the grandson Leon.Leon seems to see the old mans death as a means to send them rain, which also brings to headspring the fact that perhaps the town was suffering the drought season. Anyhow the old man is conceal without any religious preliminaries mandatory for a Christian burial, with the riddance of the sprinkling of Holy Water on the ol d mans body, which Leon insists on, giving the excuse that by doing this the old man forget never nip thirst. However even though the Priest insists on full religious ceremony, the grandsons dep allowe no heed and proceed without.However when the old man is buried Holy water is sprinkled on his body and grave. At this point Leon exclaims that his grandad will be able to send rain. From the above story, comes forrard an in sense view of common town life that hold secret beliefs of the Native Indians and their power of Indian magic. In this case it seems that the grandsons are in a panache almost excited by the fact, that their grandfather will be able to initiate rain for the town. Or rather they presented their dead grandfather as a sacrifice to the rain maker.It is for this reason that they paint his face with symbols and lines and bury the Christian parishioner without any rightful Christian rights. Only approved Indians can play do in ground forces, by Jack Forbes This h istoric piece of penmanship was published in 1979 and like all the other plant life of literature in the book A Little Literature Reading, Writing, Argument, this too takes the reader In Only approved Indians can play do in USA, Jack Forbes writes about American Indians and how the modern day American party chooses to interact with them.Forbes has used characters of Indian descent to show how Indian Americans learn to examine the change they long for even when it cannot be attained. Unique and struggling, the characters introduce the reader to the wide array of Indian American lifestyles. The both, by Gloria Naylor In Gloria Naylors, The 2, we see a metaphorical approach towards the sensitivities in the relationships of life. For instance, the yellow mist is observed to be a metaphor that presents to the reader the illimitable complicated and relate intricacies that swarm the lesbian couple.The Oriental item, by Diana Chang Many books, articles and stories have been written about the influences of a culture upon a society or that of a society on a culture however few have been written about people of the same culture learning to live in a foreign country. One such is The Original Contingent by Diana Chang. The Original Contingent was published in 1989. In the Oriental Contingent, Diana Chang brings to light the ship canal in which the Asian populace measures up and compares each other.The Original Contingent achieves its purpose by taking us through a trip of two young women as they both consider each other to be of a better native heritage than the other. By represent the two women pushed away by the extent to which they have absorbed the cultural concept of being Chinese and having a Chinese heritage, the Original Contingent explores how the Chinese American culture evolves horizontally within the community and is passed down vertically. Whos Irish, by Gish JenWhos Irish was first published in June 2000 by Vintage Publishers. author Gish Jen has been acclaimed by many critics to be an Asian American Writer with an east coast sense of culture and heritage. It is common intimacy that the shape of migrating to America and a good deal causes collisions in cultural respects and lead to much confusion. Whos Irish by Gish Jen centers around the slow and painful wreak that people more than lots have to go through after migrating to another land.Highly fascinating is the way Gish Jen has used a rare blend of Chinese and Irish cultures to introduce her point of view. Whos Irish explores some of the most important avenues of the significance condition to culture in the modern day society and how the process of version and adaption of culture influences the people directly as well as indirectly. The lesson, by Toni Cade BambaraToni Cade Bambaras The Lesson speaks about more than racial and economic inequalities entirely highlights a tie in subject that has been rarely given its due importance. Toni Cade Bambara speaks of beyo nd the injustice of life where man learns the importance of being willing to learn rising things. Toni Cade Bambara uses his lead character in The lesson to portray the tendency people have to resist letting the process of learning shape their minds, yet choose to let the process take effect in their subconscious.At times, as Bambara shows us, the process takes place at an even higher level when we tend to accept the knowledge we are given but we choose not to show that we have accepted our error. By showing a stubborn little young girls journey through the process of learning and realization, Bambara speaks of how we learn new things as we live and how we choose to defend our pride as we learn that our perceptions of the reality we live in may be wrong.Works CitedBarnet, Sylvan. A Little Literature Reading, Writing, Argument. Longman, 2006.A Little Literature Reading, Writing, Argument EssayA Little Literature Reading, Writing, Argument is a book that spans across multiple genres of literature and allows the reader to get a taste of classical and contemporary issues regarding the different values of society and how they evolve amongst secondary cultures (Barnet). The man to send rain clouds, by Leslie Marmon Silko The man to send rain clouds was originally published in the late 1960s. The story revolves around the culture of the native Indians and the significance of culture in every day domestic life.The story presents to the reader how external influences impinge on these domestic values and customs, and how these external influences continue to do so as time passes by. Using the characters of the Catholics and the Pueblos, Leslie Marmon Silko has narrated how an evolving culture is considered to be a fading culture and how the people of that culture attempt to keep it alive in its original form through their actions and preferences. This is a story about an old man and his grandsons and their wives.It begins with the death of the old man, the story implie s, that the old man and his grandsons were shepherds and farmers. The old man being left to tend to the sheep dies peacefully under the shade of the tree. The grandsons when discover that he has died, they adorn his face with paint symbols similar to that of the native Indian rain makers. Then this group heads on home. However in the entire story, there is a lack of emotion and expression on the grandsons part. The only emotion that can be ascertained is that of interest and anticipation on the grandson Leon.Leon seems to see the old mans death as a means to send them rain, which also brings to mind the fact that perhaps the town was suffering the drought season. Anyhow the old man is buried without any religious preliminaries mandatory for a Christian burial, with the exception of the sprinkling of Holy Water on the old mans body, which Leon insists on, giving the excuse that by doing this the old man will never feel thirst. However even though the Priest insists on full religious ceremony, the grandsons take no heed and proceed without.However when the old man is buried Holy water is sprinkled on his body and grave. At this point Leon exclaims that his grandfather will be able to send rain. From the above story, comes forth an in depth view of common town life that hold secret beliefs of the Native Indians and their power of Indian magic. In this case it seems that the grandsons are in a way almost excited by the fact, that their grandfather will be able to initiate rain for the town. Or rather they presented their dead grandfather as a sacrifice to the rain maker.It is for this reason that they paint his face with symbols and lines and bury the Christian parishioner without any rightful Christian rights. Only approved Indians can play Made in USA, by Jack Forbes This historic piece of penmanship was published in 1979 and like all the other works of literature in the book A Little Literature Reading, Writing, Argument, this too takes the reader In Only appro ved Indians can play Made in USA, Jack Forbes writes about American Indians and how the modern day American society chooses to interact with them.Forbes has used characters of Indian descent to show how Indian Americans learn to visualize the change they long for even when it cannot be attained. Unique and struggling, the characters introduce the reader to the wide array of Indian American lifestyles. The two, by Gloria Naylor In Gloria Naylors, The Two, we see a metaphorical approach towards the sensitivities in the relationships of life. For instance, the yellow mist is observed to be a metaphor that presents to the reader the countless complicated and interrelated intricacies that swarm the lesbian couple.The Oriental Contingent, by Diana Chang Many books, articles and stories have been written about the influences of a culture upon a society or that of a society on a culture however few have been written about people of the same culture learning to live in a foreign country. One such is The Original Contingent by Diana Chang. The Original Contingent was published in 1989. In the Oriental Contingent, Diana Chang brings to light the ways in which the Asian populace measures up and compares each other.The Original Contingent achieves its purpose by taking us through a journey of two young women as they both consider each other to be of a better native heritage than the other. By portraying the two women pushed apart by the extent to which they have absorbed the cultural concept of being Chinese and having a Chinese heritage, the Original Contingent explores how the Chinese American culture evolves horizontally within the community and is passed down vertically. Whos Irish, by Gish JenWhos Irish was first published in June 2000 by Vintage Publishers. Writer Gish Jen has been acclaimed by many critics to be an Asian American Writer with an east coast sense of culture and heritage. It is common knowledge that the process of migrating to America and often causes collisions in cultural respects and lead to much confusion. Whos Irish by Gish Jen centers around the slow and painful process that people more than often have to go through after migrating to another land.Highly fascinating is the way Gish Jen has used a rare blend of Chinese and Irish cultures to demonstrate her point of view. Whos Irish explores some of the most important avenues of the significance given to culture in the modern day society and how the process of transformation and adaption of culture influences the people directly as well as indirectly. The lesson, by Toni Cade BambaraToni Cade Bambaras The Lesson speaks about more than racial and economic inequalities but highlights a related subject that has been rarely given its due importance. Toni Cade Bambara speaks of beyond the injustice of life where man learns the importance of being willing to learn new things. Toni Cade Bambara uses his lead character in The lesson to portray the tendency people have to resist letti ng the process of learning shape their minds, yet choose to let the process take effect in their subconscious.At times, as Bambara shows us, the process takes place at an even higher level when we tend to accept the knowledge we are given but we choose not to show that we have accepted our error. By showing a stubborn little young girls journey through the process of learning and realization, Bambara speaks of how we learn new things as we live and how we choose to defend our pride as we learn that our perceptions of the reality we live in may be wrong.Works CitedBarnet, Sylvan. A Little Literature Reading, Writing, Argument. Longman, 2006.

Advantage and Disadvantages of Japanese Nationals Working in the Philippines Essay

Teaching is acquisition. Teaching is enriching. Teaching is ch entirelyenging, its trying in unsufferable ways. Teaching is motivating, its inspiring. Teaching is frustrating, its frightening. Teaching is growing. Teaching is loving. Teaching is a blessing. And being a teacher incriminates that I involve a lot to learn. (anjaligill, 2011) A quote I direct read on i article on the internet that actually touched my heart. I am not a teacher nevertheless hold dear the hardships of teachers throughout their trip to imparting to us student all they put up for us to have a better future. Yes we have a lot of teachers hither in our country save learning is not limited to only our country. Because of media and many separate sources or information we have been exposed to other cultures and languages from many different countries. Thus which lead to us wanting to learn other culture and languages. close to of these languages argon Korean, Japanese, Spanish, and French. And who els e ar more capable in education us these languages than the natives of theses languages themselves. That is why this study aims to shed a light on the existence of Japanese oral communication teachers that are employmenting in the country. The initiatory part of this report is going to touch upon the rules thats the immigration imposes on these outsiders that wish to enter the country. What signifier of permits and visas that moldiness be secured in order to be able to pasture. Also it talks about the role of the incision Of Labor and Employment (DOLE) in allowing these aliens to have a fair and legal contemplate here.The second part of my report talks about the different issues that these aliens have encountered everywhere their long time of working in the Philippines. For courses now we have been hearing about the melodramatic life of an OFW, weve had a lot of articles on the different experience they have out there. But have we ever assumption a thought about these foreigners that baffle to our country not as tourist, but to look for jobs? Probably as teachers? What more these Japanese dry landals working in Davao as Japanese language teachers?Weve been so focused on Filipinos that we forget to check on these other people who are in addition making a living here in our country. This paper will try to shed a light on what are the close parkland difficulties and what are the measures they took in order to be able to overcome these obstacles.And I am hoping to gather these datas through interrogateing nearly Japanese nationals residing in the country especially Davao. A. What are the necessary visa and permits these Japanese nationals must secure in order to be able to work in the country? B. Are they attached enough compensation and benefits in their jobs? C. Why of all other country would they choose Philippines? D. What are the different experiences they have here?For the last part this paper will try to compile the gathered data and ex press what are the common advantages and disadvantages of experienced by these Japanese Language teachers working in the Philippines? Those are expert some of a few things this study aims to shed a light on, and to give the readers a deeper understanding on their situation through their experiences. reexamination of Related Literature1. Japanese Language as a ProfessionWhen we hear the word Japanese Language approximately of us would think oh thats all about kanji That is a very hard language to learn. Yes it is true, it is not an easy language to learn but it is too one of the most interesting of all. With all the variations in the conjugation of every word, to all the particles for every sentence, but most especially to the different strokes in their unique 3 opus styles namely hiragana katakana and kanji. In the beginning yeah it will be hard but in the long run you will be able to appreciate all the hardships you have gone through in order to reach that level.So because of t hat many people have engaged in learning the language. Some would say that if you really want to learn something you have to do it yourself. But consequently again because of the complexity of this language it has become hard for others. That is why we have come to the conclusion that who else is more capable to teach us the complicated and very meticulous language than these Japanese nationals themselves? But then again this poses a very big hindrance when it comes to language barriers. It is because before Japan has been a very secluded country that doesnt want to open up to other country.Thats is why even though some Japanese wanted to teach Japanese it would be hard for them since that not all Japanese sleep together English and since English is the universal language communication and explanation would be hard. But as years pass by and as Japan soft open their doors to other countries, international colleges started to rise and because of this the Japanese nationals studying in such colleges are being exposed to the word and thus they became aware of the acuteness of other people to learn their language which triggered a domino effect to theses Japanese to teach them.2. Philippine and Japan relation in terms of workOver the years the Philippines was sack outn by the world as major exporter of skilled workers. They even have this saying that there is no country in the world that does not have Filipinos in it. From that this study aims to focus on the Japanese citizens working in the country. For decades there has been a noticeable kind among Japan and the Philippines. May it be in terms of trading of goods, and even official development assistance funds also kn birth as the (ODA). The relationship of these two countries not only varies in goods and monetary sector but even in human resources. The Philippines is reputed to be the leading exporter of labor in the world, ranging from the semi-skilled to master and technical workers (CORTEZ, 2009).This greatly impacted on the yearly remittances that the OFWs give to the country. At the same time Japanese engineers, managers, experts and other skilled workers have entered the Philippines to accompany, instrument and manage the huge direct investments and overseas development assistance programs of Japan (Tereso S. Tullao, Jr. and Michael Angelo A. Cortez, 2004). The Japanese have remained the largest group of foreign workers in the country over the years (OECD 2001). This then greatly impacted the country in terms of tourism.3. Naturals working overseasDue to the growing economic crisis in the world most people opt to work in other country to look for greener pastures. Approximately eight million Filipinos are overseas, re baffleing almost ten percent of the nations population (Commission on Filipinos Overseas, 2004). And one good example to these is the growing migration rate in the Philippines. Where in most Filipinos think that because of the economic crisis in the Philippines and the commencement salary that working overseas became a better option. Yes they may have big salaries and they may be able to experience other culture but at the end of the mean solar day these OFWs would have to sacrifice being with their family for money.4. Language BarriersIn order to be able to teach students, communication is definitive and in communication Language is vital. This is what acquires learning easy. Because through language student will be able to understand what the teacher wants to deliver. But in teaching language something these language barriers pose a very big problem. Especially for those language teachers who are native speakers of the language they are teaching and only know a little English.English, with its many varieties, is a language of international and therefore intercultural communication. (Sharifian, 2009). But then we all know that there are still some countries that are not open to accepting English as an international language and Japan is one of them. The people being raised to tell apart their own country in other words in the ways of patriotism it became hard for them to open up an accept changes being brought by the modern world. explanation of terms1) (AEP) Alien Employment Permit is a document issued by the subdivision of Labor and Employment which authorizes a foreign national to work in the Philippines. 2) Alien shall refer to the foreign nationals who intend to work in the country.Japanese WorkersI. ImmigrationAll foreign nationals brush off freely enter the Philippines with only a passport and other travel documents for business, leisure, and social visits. The Philippine Immigration Act of 1940 states Foreigners or non-quota immigrants may be agreeted without considering such numerical limitations (CASTRO, August).The country has not been nonindulgent on allowing foreigners to enter, In fact Nationals from some countries are allowed to enter the Philippines without visas for a stay not exceeding tw enty-one (21) days, provided they hold valid tickets for their return journey to port of origin or next port of destination (Bureau of Immigration 2007-2008), Japan being one of these countries are allowed to enter the country without visa. They must present for admission into the Philippines unexpired passports or official documents in the nature of passports issued by the governments of the countries to which they owe allegiance or other travel documents showing their origin and identity.II. Department Of Labor and Employment (DOLE)But when it comes to employment the Philippines is very strict at letting foreigners to work in the country. These aliens need to secure certain visas and permits before they can actually work here. Some of these are the a)Alien Employment Permit (AEP), b)Special Work permit, and the c)9g Prearranged Employment Visa.a) Alien Employment Permit (AEP) is a document issued by the Department of Labor and Employment which authorizes a foreign national to work in the Philippines. This permit must be petitioned by a company to allow a foreigner to work locally and is the requirement for a 9g visa as well as several other visas. The employment permit may be issued to a non-resident alien or to the applicant employer after a determination of the non-availability of a person in the Philippines who is competent, able and willing at the time of lotion to perform the services for which the alien is desired (Labor Code of the Philippines PD 442, Article 40).Article 41 of the Labor Code provides After the issuance of employment permit, the alien shall not transfer to another job or change his employer without prior approval of Secretary of Labor and Employment. In addition the alien who is found to be working without an AEP or an expired AEP shall pay a fine of Ten Thousand Pesos (P10,000) for every year to the Regional Director (DOLE Department Order no 75-06 (Series of 2006)) and shall be subject to deportation after service of his sentence ( Ferrolino, 2009).b) Special Work Permit is given by employers to foreigners that will only work for a brief time in the Philippines usually less than 6 months that can be extended for another 6 months and they are not required to utilise for a (AEP) from DOLE ( Triple i Consulting Inc., 2005).c) 9g Prearranged Employment Visa is given to any foreign national who will be employed in the Philippines and occupying a technical, executive, managerial or a highly confidential position in a company for at least one year, can apply for an employment visa under Sec. 9(g) of the Philippine Immigration Act.III. Issues/Problems1) What are the necessary visa and permits these Japanese nationals must secure in order to be able to work in the country? As to the rules of immigration and DOLE these Japanese nationals knowing that they are considered as aliens must be able secure an AEP before they can work. But according to one of my respondents who is ms. Ariza Okumura, that she only secured a wor king visa which is valid for only two years, before she got to work in our school.2) Are they given enough compensation and benefits in their jobs? When it comes to compensations and benefits we all know that Philippines really give a very low compensation rate in terms of salary. check to the National Wages and Productivity Commission minimum wage in the National Capital Region ranges from P456.00 to P419.00 depending on the type of job, while in Davao metropolis it ranges from P301.00 to P270.00. Clearly this kind of wages will not be enough to support a family that is why these families that are working here in Davao of all time keep a tight budget on their money. According to Miss Ariza Okumura, a Japanese Language teacher in Mindanao Kokusai Daigaku if I live for a long time for example ten (10) years or more?The salary is okay. But if if have plan of one year or ternary years? The salary is low. Mr. Tanino also a Japanese Language Teacher in MKD utter the salary is low. Tru e enough even these aliens or Japanese nationals to be exact who is working here in the Philippines have also experienced the very low salary here. In another interview I conducted this time it is from Takako Okamoto, also a Japanese language teacher in MKD she said I think it is enough, for Japanese nationals teacher. From this we can test the different points of view of these Japanese in terms of the compensation given to them. But one thing is for sure, they do not want the money, its their love of teaching and imparting what they know to those who are willing to learn.3) Why of all other country would they choose Philippines? Some would say that Philippines is a good tooshie to relax because of its serene beauty and it is also close to nature because it is rich in natural resources. The country being an archipelago means it is close to beaches which attracts tourist from all over the world to come here. A few would even say they want to go to the Philippines because of Filipin os have been known to the world as hospitable kind of people. But when it comes to employment there have been also very many speculations upon the capacity of the country to cater workers because of the ongoing crisis in its economy and a whole lot more.But even so after all these negative comments and speculations some still chose to work here. One good example is Ariza Okumura, MKD teacher she said during our interview that it was here choice to work here and when I asked her why this is what she told me before when I was student we had a school trip and I came here in Davao. Also I really want to teach Japanese in foreign country. Almost all of the Japanese language teachers I have interviewed said the same thing. That it was in their own will to go to the Philippines.In a follow up question I had which was did you originally come here as a teacher? I was amazed at their answers. Takako Okamoto, a MKD teacher said I chose Philippines as a place for put up work. Tanino, who is al so a MKD teacher, said he first came to the Philippines to work for a company named sharp.From their answers it was clear that teaching was not their real objective in glide path here, but the longer they stayed the more they fell in love with the country and its people. During the time I met many Filipino Filipina and then they took care of me well and then I dont like to forget everything they did for me. After one year four months I came back to Japan and decided to help the Filipino resident in the Philippines as Japanese Language teacher. Said Okamoto sensei.4) What are the different experiences they have here?We can finish up all day if we talk about experiences, but these are one of the parts of the lives of the people which make us actually say that we are alive. Through these experiences we learn and from these learning we can adjust in order to make things better.When it was time to ask them this question I observed that they had a very hard time in picking which experien ce they wanted to share. One of them said that being with students everyday are counted as one of their memorable experience, one also said that seeing the students learning is their most unforgettable experience. But there is one story that actually touched my heart. It was from Takako Okamoto she told me actually hes a last year graduator. He hated any kind of teacher, he hated study Japanese especially.He was slothful to attend all the class he was lazy to pass shukudai (assignments), and then sometimes he was against to the teachers. But I have been continuing to approach to him. Siguro very Samok sa kanya *how about your shukudai ? *how many times absent you qualification be dropped Like that. Whenever I see him I say something. Finally he changed, he changed totally. He had a focus on study in nihongo but it was already 4th year. But I found his changes. Before RP Japan I was telling him, I know you are good at nihongo.You try to attend speech contest in RP Japan. In his spe ech he was saying to me thank you, like saying because of me he was changed. But for one week he got dengue and was absent. Nobody expected he could attend the speech. But he came, and said *Sensei Im Here. It may not mean as much to you but as I saw her as she was telling me this story you would see the happiness in her eyes. The kind of happiness that meant showed how their job as a teacher can be very rewarding, that even the small thing could make a big difference.ConclusionI admit I started late in doing this paper. But in those limited amount of time left, I was still able to learn new things through this. source is the importance of time. Know this is not port of my paper but I was able to learn and appreciate time, and how to use it wisely and productively. Second is the importance of work, as to why people look for jobs. Another is I learned to appreciate the teachers more.This happened during the times I was able to interview a few of them. At first I was hesitant in cond ucting interviews because I was afraid of the teachers, but then I said to myself whats there to lose? So when I started the interviews I realized that I should not be afraid of these teachers because their only goal it to teach is to become a better person. That they are doing what they do not to make us suffer but to make us learn, I was able to see that the students are the only ones who are making themselves suffer.I also came to a conclusion that in all we do theres a good and bad side to it. Isaac Newtons third legality of motion said that For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In life that is also proven true, with everything we do, even in may it be as a person, as an employee, etc. there will always be an advantage and a disadvantage.Yes Japanese language is very interesting but at the same time it is also very complicated and hard to learn. Even the Japanese Language teachers themselves said that its hard and it really takes time. That even they as a t eacher they also have to adjust to their approach to the students. Which brings us to the conclusion that teaching as a language teacher is not just a profession but also a lifestyle, where in it has its up and downs, the good and the bad, and its own advantages and disadvantages.BibliographyTriple i Consulting Inc. (2005). Retrieved february 21, 2013, from http//www.tripleiconsulting.com http//www.tripleiconsulting.com/Amain/philippines-business-guides-tips-and-news-blog/181-work-visas-in-the-philippines anjaligill. (2011, august 19). What Teaching inwardness to Me and Why it is Important. Retrieved january 20, 2012, from www.teachforus.org http//anjaligill.teachforus.org/2011/08/29/what-teaching-means-to-me-and-why-it-is-important/ CASTRO, J. M. (August, 11 2009). Philippines Visas, Permits and Immigration. Retrieved february 6, 2013, from http//www.expatforum.com http//www.expatforum.com/articles/visas-permits-and-immigration/philippines-visas-permits-and-immigration.html CORTEZ , M. A. (2009). Japan-Philippines Free Trade Agreement Oppotunities for the movement of workers. RITSUMEIKAN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS , 126. Ferrolino, T. (2009). Employment of Foreigner

Analytical essay

According to the name, leaders the States and Guns, it Is evident that gun operate on has proven Ineffective when It comes to dissolving the love affair that exists between the Statesns and their guns (Leaders the States and Guns). This article highlights the Issues that permeate throughout America regarding pro gun groups. Not only Is this article persuasive, it Infuses a degree of rhetorical strategies including logical, as nearly as emotional appeals to fortify the issue at hand.Various examples, statistics, and sound evidence is brought to the table, adequately arguing ND developing the position that, Americans want to keep their guns, no matter how high the price, (Leaders America and Guns). Furthermore, the other article, go for Gun Control Legislation, falls short in strengthening its argument and is not as convincing, in comparison to Leaders America and Guns. These articles use an array of rhetorical strategies to convey their arguments, however some strategies prove mo re successful or utilitarian than others. Exemplification or defining appears in both articles.These rhetorical strategies seem necessary and perhaps essential monuments In each article. They serve to properly bind and strengthen the statements of each antecedent. Another rhetorical strategy that Is prominent throughout both articles Is the comparing and contrasting method. TLS strategy allows the proofreader to introduce the pros and cons concerning their argument spell persuading the reader to take a stance or a step in the right direction. Once the comparing and contrasting rich person been presented and thoroughly examined, the occasion can then persuade the reader based on said favorable findings.Apart from these rhetorical strategies, classifying and dividing appear in both articles too. This type of strategy divides serious or overwhelming topics in smaller comprehensible units. Readjusting a broad topic into smaller subsections lets the writer gain control of the argu ment and allows the reader to substantially analyze the material (Rhetorical Strategies). This Is particularly true on a subject like gun control In America, a topic In desperate need of dissecting since t here(predicate) is so much history and discourse to address.The starting article, Leaders America and Guns, uses these rhetorical strategies most effectively, as oppose to the article, Support for Gun Control Legislation. The first article appeals to the reader on an emotional level, as well as on a logical level. The author starts clear up with The love affair goes on, whatever the price. The funerals are over, (Leaders America and Guns). This is a powerful and convincing statement because it gets the reader emotionally involved. It conjures up thoughts of death, guns, and their relation to ace another. Followed by this emotionally charged tenement, is a series of examples.This structure holds true to the rhetorical strategy of exemplification. Mentioned are descriptions of young boys as murders and shocking Incidents such as mass shootings and school massacres. These examples are so effective because they emphasize the Idea that Americans are still obsessed with guns regardless of all the harm they can cause. Moreover, the author similarly gets the reader convinced on a logical level by presenting rather startling but true evidence, like the anti-control slogan, guns dont kill volume, people kill cause at face value, it is true.With all these historical events and facts, this article becomes very credible and the author builds a very strong argument. The author also uses the rhetorical strategy of compare and contrast to further reinforce the idea that Americans are reluctant to give up their guns. The article mentions the stark contrasts in regards to deaths by handguns in America versus the world. Although the difference in numbers across the board is shocking, the author follows these statements by, most Americans remain unimpressed by such impr isons, (Leaders America and Guns). This article is incredibly persuasive and convincing.Such statements leave the reader in disbelief that Americans still want to keep their guns, no matter how high the price, (Leaders America and Guns). From this article, even though the author introduces both sides of the story, one could presume that gun control may not gain popularity in America. After reading the first article, the second article becomes less convincing. Support for Gun Control Legislation, lacks emotion and depth. The article sets itself up for disaster, cause although it tries to stress how gun legislation is on the edge of undergoing tighter regulations, it fails miserably.The author places too much emphasis on the National Rifle Association (NEAR). The rhetorical strategy of exemplification is present, but glorifies the NEAR, mentioning how powerful and how successful the anti-gun control lobby has been, in helping to block any meaningful gun control legislation in Congre ss,(Support for Gun Control Legislation). This example, followed by facts, is perhaps not the best one for this discussion because it reinforces the strength of the association in America and weakens the argument for better or more effective regulations.However, the article does include examples of small victories nationwide concerning tougher gun restrictions, but these statements would have been more effective if they were mentioned earlier. These successes lose their credibility as they are undermined when compared and contrasted to the NEAR. The author is very disorganize his attempts at using classifying and dividing to strengthen his argument do not help him to properly compose his thoughts. The author Jumps from he NEAR, to a series of events, to politicians and lastly lawsuits.This overwhelms the reader because the flow is too Jumbled, for this reason this article becomes ineffective and too complicated to properly make sense of. Lastly, the article that gave me the best an swer was Leaders America and Guns. This article was emotionally charged and logically composed. The author included numerous rhetorical strategies to reinforce his rather shocking stance that Americans love their guns and that those guns are here to stay. The authors use of visual descriptions, incidents, and statistics were all appropriate examples used to establish and display the ideas effectively.The composition of the article flows really well, a lot of information is presented but also condensed, mentioning only what is vital to the argument. The author is direct and to the show up and the author does not deviate from the main argument, constantly coming back and endorsing his/her opinion. The author mentions, many Americans have already come to the remarkable conclusion that the best route to a safer America is a better-armed America, (Leaders America and Guns). The author is constantly on point with his/her information.

SWOT and Porter’s Five Forces for Sheng Siong Essay

IntroductionGrowing up in a pig farm, the chief operating officer Mr. Lim hit it up Chee and his brothers have brought Sheng Siong Group Ltd to an over 800million market capital, capital of Singapore Exchange listed supermarket chain. The groups humble beginning in the yr 1985, from its first transshipment center in Ang Mo Kio which surrounded by 5 other securities industry stores, has now expanded to be the one of the largest supermarket chain in Singapore. Sheng Siong is publicly listed at the Singapore Exchange (SGX) on August 17, 2011. Since then, it grows to become a major supermarket chain in Singapore with a total retail bea of 400,000sq ft over 33 outlets island-wide. Sheng Siongs outlets ar designed to provide customers with both wet and dry shopping options ranging from a wide assortment of fresh, live and chilled products, such as meat, seafood and veget subjects to processed, packaged and preserved food products as well as general groceries.Over the past few years , they have developed a alternative of house brands to offer customers alternatives with at ample savings. Sheng Siong has now over 400 products chthonic their 10 house brands. With the long history and reputation for quality products at competitive prices, the Sheng Siong brand had become an established household name in Singapore. Widely recognized by consumers, Sheng Siong were awarded the Superbrand status by Superbrands Singapore since 2008 (Superbrands, 1994). Mission We filtrate to offer communities in which we operate quality products at reasonable prices together with good service in pitch to create value to our customers Vision Our sight is to be the preferred retailer in the market, starting from Singapore and then further ashore.SWOT analysisStrengthsWeaknesses1. Strong brand recognition2. Experienced trouble1. Susceptible to rent hikes and tire out cost hikes.2. Lack of a formal time planOpportunitythreats1. Overseas elaborateness2. Untapped areas in Singapore1 . Losing market share2. Supply disruptionStrengthsStrong brand recognitionSheng Siong is among the top 3 supermarket chain in Singapore. Sheng Siong launched a television show title The Sheng Siong Show since year 2007 to further raise its profile amongst national audiences, on top of the traditional marketing mediums. Strong recognition by Singapore residents as a value-for-money supermarket chain. Awarded Superbrand status by Superbrands Singapore, a global organization that recognizes the most valued and exceptional brands, every year since year 2008.Experienced directionSheng Siong is founded since year 1985 and focus only in retail business in Singapore. Management of the group since then rests in the hands of the three founding Lim brothers Mr. Lim Hock Eng (Executive Chairman), Mr. Lim Hock Chee (CEO) and Mr. Lim Hock Leng (Managing Director). They have almost 30 years of experience in securities industry store retailing, equipped with in-depth knowledge of the industry i n Singapore.WeaknessesSusceptible to rent hikes and excavate cost hikesThe cost of rental and labour takes up 85% of Sheng Siongs operating expenses (Maybank KE, 2013) thus it is very vulnerable to hikes on operating cost in order to sustain their grim-cost dodge. The Singapore Government had increase the restrictions for hiring foreign labour (Mom.gov.sg, 2013), which pressure Sheng Siong, in which one-third of its 2600 employees are non-Singaporeans, in their operating cost. (Michelle Teo, 2013) In Maybank KEs research (2013), under the sensitivity analysis, an increase of 5% additional staff cost would incurred 9% of shortfall in Sheng Siongs make headway. According to Sheng Siongs yearly Report in 2012 and 2013, rental expenses had been increased from 1.095million to 1.693million, representinga more than 50% hike. In order to sustain the low-cost strategy, such rental hike thin had make Sheng Siong Group opened no bracing store in year 2013, whereby they cannot find suitabl e and affordable space to rent for expansion. Lack of a formal succession planThe founders, Lim brothers are holding more than 60% of the shares of Sheng Siong Group and also on the top managing positions. (Annual Report, 2013) The drop of a formal succession plan could prove to be a weakness in the long-run. The listing of Sheng Siong in the SGX had made incorporation of some outside talents including Mr. Tan Ling San (Executive Director) and Mr. Wong Soong turnout (Finance Director) into the management ranks, however if the Lim brothers decide to retire or step down before a formal succession plan is put into place, it may tierce to a potential loss of strategic influenceion.OpportunitiesOverseas expansionDe raise the foreign markets are also dominated by major players, Sheng Siong might able to set about(predicate) chances in overseas expansion, especially in neighbor countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia. The benefits of overseas expansion including increase brand value , find new customers, seek for tax incentives and reduce excessive domestic, single market reliance and furthermore enjoy the robust economic development of the region of South East Asia. peculiarly in Malaysia, Sheng Siong has had various suppliers which relationships had been established for decades, the expansion into the market is not im contingent.Untapped areas in SingaporeThere are still many highly populate areas in Singapore where Sheng Siong has no presence such as Bishan, Tampines, Hougang, Sengkang and Bukit Merah. This means that Sheng Siong still has a lot of room to grow its store network. Furthermore, Sheng Siong had commenced an e-commerce pilot drop in December 2013, in the Thomson vicinity to provide customers the restroom of shopping groceries online via the website allforyou.sg. The possible success of this e-commerce project can reduce dependence on gay labour, save cost on warehouse management and create new and better shopping experience of customers at their convenience.ThreatsLosing market shareSheng Siong operates in a highly competitive environment where it faces intense competition from other major super market chains as well as traditional grocery retailers, wet markets and even petrol kiosks. Its existing stores may face competition from new competitor outlets in their operating areas it may lose market shares in the area where new competitors outlets are open where Sheng Siong is absent. Sheng Siong has suffer zero expansion in retail outlets in year 2013, making it a crucial threat of losing market shares due to expansions of its competitors.Supply disruptionSupply disruptions arising from harsh weather conditions, force majeure events or natural disasters might hit Sheng Siong because about 30% of its revenue (Ocbc is from the sale of fresh produce.Porters 5 forces free-enterprise(a) rivalry HighSheng Siong is in tough competition with major direct competitors such as NTUC FairPrice and Dairy Farms Cold Storage and Giant , yet there are many other smaller retailers in the market. The 4 major supermarket chain had a dominant market share of more than 85percent (Euromonitor, 2014) (Maybank KE, 2014), making the business to be in a semi-consolidated industry. Supermarkets are having very low level of product contrastiveiation. The retail sectors is growing billetily but slow. (Singstat.gov.sg, 2014) For the full year, retail sales in Singapore contracted by 4.3%, a atavism from the 1.3% expansion in 2012, but supermarket sales grew by 4.3% at current prices and 2.4% at constant prices during the same period, compared with an increase of 7.5% and 5.3% respectively in 2012. (Economic Survey of Singapore, 2013) The increasingly intensive competition may result in lower sales and greater operating costs and have an adverse effect on Sheng Siong.Threat of new entrants LowThe big 4 supermarket chains took up to more than 85percent of the totalmarket shares in Singapore, thus becomes a huge barrier for ne w entrants to meet the excessive capital requirements into the harsh competition. A new entrant would have to achieve the economies of scale needed to compete on cost vantage with the major market players, therefore not an easy barrier to cross over. Branding is another barrier to entry.A new entrant would need to tell apart themselves with the big 4 and to attain identity through promotions and advertising which may incur extremely high expenses. The highly responsive to competition of the big 4 supermarket chains to sustain market share also makes the barrier higher for new entrants. New entrant also face disadvantage in lack of expertise and knowledge of consumer trends, as the big players had been in the business for decades. Difficulties in accessing to distribution channels and locations is also an entry barrier for new entrant as Singapore is a matured market.Threat of substitute HighChains of convenience stores such as 7-eleven and Cheers are emerging in the market. Conveni ence stores are selling some Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) like dairy products, soft drinks and packaged food which also sold by supermarkets, thus become a substitute of supermarkets. Restaurants, kopitiams (coffee shop) and food centers are also substitutes for supermarkets. People may want to dine outside rather than purchasing fresh meats, fishes and vegetable to cook at home. Pharmacies which are selling medicine, personal care, and baby care and toilet / pocket papers are also a substitute of supermarket. Traditional wet markets are considered another substitute for supermarket business. Newly emerged online groceries shopping brings threat of substitute to supermarket also.Bargaining power of customer HighSheng Siong is facing intense competition from traditional grocery retailers such as wet markets, supermarkets and hypermarkets, and from non-traditional competitors such as, petrol kiosk convenience stores, convenience stores and restaurants. Customers have various opt ions when comes to buying groceries. While pricing is one of the samaras, convenience also plays a significant role in groceries shopping. People might choose to buy daily groceries from neighborhood grocery store just on their doorstep or buy drinks from thenearest convenience stores, rather than purposely go to supermarket.Bargaining power of supplier LowDue to the nature of grocery retailing business, Sheng Siong purchase goods from a large number of suppliers and contract manufacturers. A large network of over 1,000 suppliers and contract manufacturers had been established for Sheng Siongs business. Some of the give relationships had established since the commencing year of 1985. The large and stable supplying relationships have enabled Sheng Siong to have a continuous supply of products without major disruptions and allow them to wield greater negociate power in terms of the purchase prices of their products. No single supplier or contract manufacturer contributed more than 5.0% of Sheng Siongs total purchases. (Prospectus, 2011)SummaryCompetitive rivalry HighThreat of new entrants LowThreat of substitute HighBargaining power of customerHighBargaining power of supplier LowThe analysis above shows Sheng Siong is in a really intensive business environment. Therefore, the management team should act really cautious on their strategy planning for business operations as well expansions in order to stay competitive.Strategic planningAs Sheng Siong is implementing low-cost strategy, it is very important for the management to plan their business tightly watch on their operational costs, as they are vulnerable to rental and labour hikes. On the other Hand, not having a succession plan may negatively impacts the operations of company in long run. Thus Sheng Siong should have plans with the goal to train and sustain the dynamic key management team for the companys proximo growth.GoalsPlansControl operating costs,Sustaining low-cost strategyReduce dependence of fo reign labours.Computerized operations to reduce labour costs.Seek new property rental or purchases opportunity in new high populated resident areas such as Punggol and Hougang. Make optimal utilize of the centralized warehouse cum distribution center in Mandai Link, to achieve economies of scale.Train and sustain the upcoming management teamSet up a management training for potential employees from internal or external. Succession plan as well as a contingency plan should be well established as soon as possible to enhance the stability of the long term operations of the company.OrganizingSheng Siong is applying the functional organization where by it divides into different divisions such as Finance, Human Resources, Information Technology, Purchasing and Retail Operations. It is also a centralized organization since it was originally a family business. Most decisions are made by high-level executives and pass down for implementation. In my opinion, a transition should be made in the organizing system in Sheng Siong if the company wants to sustain in a longer run. Talents from internal or external should be brought up to managerial level through systematic trainings and being delegated in decisions making to aim fresh thoughts and ideas for the operations and growth of the company. The company should gradually decentralized in their organization to promote creativity and innovations, as well as act as a pathway for establishing succession plans.LeadershipDespite using power of authority, power of rewards has been used in Sheng Siongs leadership over their employees. 20% of the groups profit before tax was distributed in the form of various bonuses to its employees in the past 2 years.Relationship-motivated leadershipHaving policy such as provides one free repast per workday for every full-timeworker that has become a tradition of the company for 25 years. (Sheng Siong, 2013) The CEO Lim Hock Chee is an authentic and transformational leader.Although featuring a t position 35 in Forbes Singapores 50 Richest list, Lim Hock Chee remains a humble man. He is known as the towkay (meaning boss in Chinese) who drives a camion due to that being his mode of transport for many years. He undertook a two-year car mechanic course and thus stood him in good stead as until recently he was known as Mr Fix it at Sheng Siong, regularly welding trolleys and fixing power outages. (Hunt, 2014)These good traits of leadership styles should be unbroken on in Sheng Siong to distinguish themselves from major trends in capitalized world that applies less relationships concerned leadership. However, a family business cannot sustain and grow if it stays only at family style, standardization and formalization should progressively apply and leaders should apply a balanced portion of task performance behaviors in their lead.ControlIn spite of bureaucratic control, market control is incessantly being well-utilized in Sheng Siong. The plans and strategies in marketing, pr operty renting and purchasing, and invests and divests are set according to close studies of the market. Sheng Siong emerged as second best in the Retail & Household Goods category of the 14th Securities Investors Association (Singapore) (SIAS) Investors Choice Award Most Transparent Company Award (MTCA) 2013. (Annual Report, 2013) This indicates Sheng Siong is having good control of their accounts and audits with optimum information stated in their financial reports. Despite the financial parts, management audits are closely monitored. The evaluations of the the companys planning, organizing, leading and controlling is always printed in their annual report. It reviews what have been done and what the upcoming plans are, giving a clear picture to investors and business partners.RecommendationsSheng Siong should always prudent in its expansion and execution under theharsh economic environment. Setting up a clear succession plan of short, medium, and long term to ensure the future op erations of the company. Overseas expansion exposes to risks and opportunities, the company should well utilize the connections that it has to expand the business to another level, locally and regionally.ConclusionSheng Siong had gradually emerged as one of the biggest groceries retailer in Singapore. Nevertheless, there are huge growth opportunity for the company. The company should stay dynamic and improve the weaknesses to keep explore the chances of growth in this competitive environment. Changing is not always a bad idea. From a family business to a listed company, from a small establishment to a corporate, Sheng Siong has gone this far, but be it just the beginning of the future great arms in supermarket operators in the region or even in the globe. Modern management studies will help Sheng Siong to embrace any possible threats in the future. The transition of Sheng Siong should not be stopped at this point but should keep improving, strive to achieve its mission and vision.