The current issue of junk food consumption Essay Example for Free

The current issue of detritus food consumption EssayThe current issue of quarrel food consumption and the boilersuit obesity battle world bulky continues to expand rapidly. The suggestion to counteract this problem is the implementation of a junk tax. ProQuest states that, junk food tax refers to a tax placed upon fattening foods or beverages (Par. 1). The intention of the tax is to minimize the consumption of unwellnessy foods, which would expectantly lead to a healthier population. A junk food tax would also generate revenue for causes such(prenominal) as improving provender, preventing obesity, and educating Americans about nutrition. The main purpose is to maximize health benefits. However, the tax has sparked statement about interfering with freedom of choice and personal liberties. Fighting obesity and its various related illnesses does not require cholesterol lowering medicine, workout videos, or diet books. It starts with rethinking our setting and the world we are li ving in.Addressing the issue of over-weight and the lack of health in our modern life is no easy assignment, despite more or less individual efforts by some states to tax soda pop, require healthier school lunches of mandate calorie information in chain restaurants, obesity order worldwide are growing (Cummins, Nd). Even though these efforts have continued to grow with parents and health advocates the problem needs to be acknowledged nation wide because, 60 percent of Americans of either overweight or obese (Cummins Par. 5). With many restaurants makeering super sized meals for such low prices, people consume well up over the recommended calorie and food intake. Fast food restaurants being open twenty-four hours a day located on every corner causes enticement to be all around consumers. According to Rheuban.J (2007). Opponents claim that impressing such a law would be a violation to ones rights and freedom. I strongly disagree with that.To fill-in their stance that the tax cer tainly will have no actual affect onpublic health they site a bunch of studies,one The Mercatus tenderness at George Mason University that Americans Against Food Taxes claims that any impact of a soft drink tax would be trivial because soft drink consumption is a relatively delicate part of the diet for overweight people. They suggest that financial affect of the tax could be passing burdensome, especially on the poor. The cost is literally killing us. The low budget costs of junk food attracts in low budget customers. They stuff their carts with white bread, frozen packages, already packed desserts, and extremely processedmeats. The low cost is satisfying for people living in the moment, However the long term effects can be dangerous. Poor diet choices is eating foods that were previously mentioned will lead to obesity. Obesity causes heart disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure, strokes, and respiratory problems, all of these cost substantial amounts to divvy u p and if left untreated they can lead to death.The low cost that pull in customers may in the end cost them their lives. Arguments in favor of junk food taxes, Reduce the costs of treating medical issues to which junk food contributes. Generate additional revenue, part of which could be used to offset costs of treating medical issues that bring up from over consumption of junk foods. Could shift consumer spending to healthier foods, bolstering the industries that produce those foods. Not enough people are aware of the adverse effects of chemicals in foods (doctors included) so their purchases are based on affordability and addiction. They cannot put together why it is that they cannot eat just one chip, fail on restrictive calorie diets, binge, and/or continue to put on weight throughout their lives. The assumption is that these people lack the will to be healthy. The reality is that, in many cases, is that their subconscious brainpower is doing everything in its power to survive. According to Fiora.K(2010).Patients gained significantly less of the calories from soda or pizza when it was a 10% increase in both prices, Penny Gordon-Larsen of the University of northwestern Carolina at Chapel Hill and colleagues reported in the March 8 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine.Policies aimed at altering the price of soda or pizza could be very effective mechanisms to steer adults towards a healthier diet and reduce long-term weight gain or insulin levels over time, the researchers wrote. They careful that an 18 percent tax on junk food would result in a 56-calorie decline in total daily energy intake. At the population level, that would translate to about five pounds per patient per year, along with significant reductions in the risks of most obesity-related chronic diseases, they said. Since their study looked at only a small number of foods, they called upon researchers to assess more in future studies.In an accompanying editorial, Dr. Mitchell H. Katz and Dr . Rajiv Bhatia of the San Francisco Department of Public Health wrote that taxing is an appropriate method of correcting for health and other(a) social costs not accounted for in the private market cost. However, they added, in addition to unhealthy foods, policymakers should consider ways to reward healthy behaviors. A true recommendation to an obese person is to restrict calories. The typical notion of calories in calories out. In doing so, the motivated dieter goes to the supermarket and buy items labeled diet which are conveniently labeled with caloric amounts. What they dont see is the chemicals added in and/or understand what the short and long term effects of those chemicals are. During this caloric restriction time, he/she is foregoing adequate nutrients temporary hookup ingesting chemical laden foods which promotes hunger (part of the marketing process), and training the body to prepare for starvation.There is a simple solution to a very complex issue. receipts of junk food is necessary for the future population. As of late, rates of chronic health diseases have skyrocketed, but are now beginning to level off with the improved education system increasing awareness of the side effects of junk food. This leveling off rate could experience a significant spew if excise revenue enhancement were implemented. As multiple studies, research, and projects suggest, an increase in prices of junk food would lead to a decrease in purchasing and consumption of such foods, and would lead to decrease in diet-related diseases.Although junk food producers and business selling these products may find that the tax is unfair, the overall scheme of taxation is improving the health of our nation, for today and in the future. The benefit outweighs the cost, and taxation ultimately motivates producers and sellers of junk food to improve their product and provide healthier options to consumers. There are many issues discussed in current media surrounding the need to prote ct our planet through recycling and better fuel sources. The media does not realize that there will not be a need for our planet if no one is able to occupy it. There needs to be less consumption of junk food and taxation is the best plan to implement change for a happy, healthier, and existing future.Sourceshttp//jacobrheuban.com/2009/12/27/arguments-for-and-against-junk-food-and-soda-taxes/ http//abcnews.go.com/Health/w_DietAndFitness/junk-food-tax-improve-health/story?id=10056236 (2013, 02). Junk Food Tax. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 02, 2013,

Body Paragraphs Essay Example for Free

Body Paragraphs EssayThere get down been thousands of studies done on the effectuate of television on children. Most of these studies contract leaned toward the negative effects that television has on children. According to a study by the University of Michigan, even though television can have positive effects it can also affect the health, behavior and family life of children in negative ways. Also while studies have been done on the effects that television has on children under the age of two there has been no clear evidence on the effects. both(prenominal) studies have shown that it whitethorn lead to learning and attention problems, yet not the experts have agreed this is true.Children atomic number 18 pecking more and more violence on television every day. Even in G rated movies children be subject to violent acts. All we have to do is look at some of the Disney movies over the years. While Snow White was a positive public assistance person that was nice to everyo ne, she was still killed by the wicked witch. The movie the Lion King shows children how Scar plotted the death of Mufasa and it shows Simba coming back for revenge. Then you have cartoons worry The Simpsons and Family Guy. These show play up the use of foul language, violence, and disrespecting everyone, especially your p arents. The characters on these shows have become idols. Bart Simpson and Stewie have become idols to children. They talk like them and act like them. They think that when they are violent or they curse or when they disrespect their parents it is funny and something that they should do.An average American child will see 200,000 violent acts and 16,000 murders on TV by the age of 18 (www.med.umich.edu). This viewing of violent acts are desensitizing are children to violence. They are becoming less mindful of violent acts or just dont care that much when they happen right in front ofthem. There is a research circulate that was written in 2009 by Brad J. Bushman a nd Craig A. Anderson called Comfortably Numb The Desensitizing Effects of Violent Media on Helping Others.This research shows the how violence in movies and on television desensitizes people to violent acts or the plights of others around them. They are also their fear of the world is increased. They are seeing that not only the bad guys are violent but the high-priced guys are extremely violent and that they get away with the violence. Children are not sure who they can trust or who is good. Some even see that by becoming the good guy you can get away with more bad behavior. According to KidHealth.org, TV characters often furnish risky behaviors, such as smoking and drinking, these same characters are reinforcing gender-role and racial stereotypes.I know that our doctor told my daughter to watch Teen Mom. This show may show the downsides to teen parenthood, in my opinion it has kids thinking it would be cool to have a child and then maybe they could get on television. I have spok en to several different people from my daughters parenting class and I have talked to my daughters Family First specialist. They have agreed that shows like these are not good models for teen moms. Yes, they may show the difficulties that these girls have but they also show these girls still having sex, disrespecting their parents and fighting. Also all have agreed that too much television and television that is not supervised can be harmful to children.According to KidsHealth.org children who spend too much time in front of the television are more likely to become overweight. Children are spending more time in front of the television which is making them less active. They do not go outside and play sports or socialize with other children. Children are more likely to constantly snack while watching television. These are not ever so healthy snacks. They are things like cookies and chips. They see the commercials for these and their minds tell them that they want them. By constraini ng the time that your children are watching television you will be capable to help them become more active and more sociable.On the reverse side of this situation, though, is that some of the negativitycan be reduced as unyielding as parents limit the amount of time that children spend in front of the television. It has been suggested that no more than 2-3 hours a day of television for older children and 1-2 hours of television for jr. children. Also parents need to supervise and be aware of what their children are watching. Television can be a learning experience as long as parents draw back the time to talk to their children about what is being watched on television.Parents can also be a positive role model for their children by limiting the time they watch television. They need to watch more positive programs when they are watching television with their children. If there is something bad on the show they need to take the time to explain to their children the behavior that they saw on the television program was not appropriate and why it wasnt appropriate.

Importance of Employer Branding Concepts

Importance of Employer stigmatisation ConceptsTerms of referencesThis report highlights the rising aw arness for the development of Employer Branding concept and its benefits for the organisations in familiarise hawkish labour market. The conflict between effective employer branding and employees rights and satisf deportion toward organization has been examined in this report with specific focus on the unethical and imperious effect.IntroductionEmployer branding is the perception of employees well-nigh an organization as a place to work. Its designed for motivating and securing employees alignment with the vision and nurses of the organizations. From the HR location the concept was subsumed the older term INTERNAL BRANDING that was essentially the process of communicating an organizations brand nurse to its employee.Employer brandingThe concept of EMPLOYER BRANDING was created in the mid-nineties by Simon tumulus, who planted People in Business (now part of TMP Worldwide) and was the co-author of The Employer Brand. 1 In the past, Barrow had been a consumer goods brand manager and headed up an advertising federal agency in London, but later became the chief executive of a recruitment agency. He was immediately struck by the similarities between the challenges faced in promoting consumer goods and in publicising the strengths of an organisations employee proposition. Both, he recognised, required a strong brand, and so the concept of employer branding was conceived.Barrow defined the employer brand as the package of functional, economic and psychological benefits provided by consumption and identified with the employing comp whatsoever. Sullivan (2004) defines employer branding as a targeted, long-term strategy to manage the awargonness and perceptions of employees, potential employees, and related stakeholders with regards to a particular firm. Ambler and Barrow (1996) define employer brand in terms of the benefits it conveys on employees. In other words, the employer brand represents the array of economic, functional and psychological benefits that an employee might receive because of joining an organization. skillful as product brands convey an kitchen range to customers, an employer brand conveys an organizational image to potential and current employees. In that regard, the employer brand presents a value proposition about what people might receive as a result of working for a particular employer (Backhaus and Tikoo, 2004). These definitions indicate that employer branding means promoting and building an identity and a slip a representation view of what rack ups an organization different and desirable as an employer. It has similarities with product and bodily branding but the key difference is its more employment specific.enlisting and employer brandingDeveloping an employer brand is a combination of adopting vision, determine, and behaviours, and delivering a service that shows commitment to best practice and serv ice excellence. It begins with the recruitment process that offers number of tools that back be used to create perceptions of an employing organization, these tools ar 1. Job advertisement and description 2. Interview process 3. Offer letters 4. Information pack for new recruiters 5. Employee handbooks 6. installation and training. The recruitment process is an important way to build a positive relationship between the organization and employee. Throughout the procedure, the organization clear create a strong and positive view about them even it lavatory be extended to unsuccessful candidates as well. When employees ease up accepted the sincerity and accuracy of the employer brand, they result carry it forward, actively promoting the brand to colleagues and customers. However, employer branding which is basically untruthful willing not work and is probable to be counter-generative.Benefits of Employer BrandingLong-term impact productive employer brand can film positive im pacts on recruiting for at least five years baring whatever major PR issues surrounding the company. increase volume of spontaneous candidates The number of applicants will increase each year. In some cases, applications will increase by 500%. Higher quality candidates not only the quantity but the quality of candidates will improve dramatically, individuals who never would have considered in the past will start applying. Higher offer-acceptance rates As employment image becomes better known and more powerful, firms offer acceptance rates will improve dramatically. Increased employee motivation Employee motivation will be easier to maintain because of employees increased pride in the firm and the better management practices that are required to maintain an employer-of-choice status. A stronger corporate culture Because one of the goals of employment branding is to develop a consistent message about what its like to work and what it feel to be a part of the organization, employment branding can help strengthen firms corporate culture. Decreased corporate negatives Effective branding programs identify and counter negative comments about the organisation. Increased manager satisfaction The resulting higher(prenominal) quality of candidates and higher offer-acceptance rate means that hiring managers will have to devote less time to interviews, and they will be more satisfied with the recruiting function. A competitive advantage Because employment branding efforts include extensive metrics and side-by-side comparisons with talent competitors, firms can ensure that their talent-management approaches are differentiated and continually superior. Increased shareholder value The effective and improved employer image can positively impact a firms stock price. Support for the product brand An employment brand can bet on the corporate brand and related product brands because many consumers mentally make the link between displumeing quality employees and producing a qual ity product. The brand essence should add together what the brand stands for, becoming the nucleus for product development, all communications and even HR initiatives for employees. Its definition should also be consistent with the corporate vision/ heraldic bearing and values. For example, Volvo is a good example of a brand description is Volvo Style, driving pleasure and superior ownership experience while celebrating human values and respecting the environment. Volvos values and associations reflecting this brand identity are what are considered to be typically Scandinavian e.g. nature, security and health, human values, elegant simplicity, creative engineering and the spirit of stylish/ advance(a) functionality.For Volvo, this description not only mirrors the psycho-graphic profile of the ideal customer for their cars, but also summarizes what Volvo as a company means to all its workers its employer brand. These are congenital values that Volvo workers can relate to, what t hey believe in and why they feel comfortable making a commitment to their jobs. One can easily cast the types of HR programs that would inspire a sense of pride and re-enforce these intangibles e.g. nature, health, security and other meaningful human values.Living the brandLIVING THE BRAND is identifying with an organizations brand value to such an extent that employees behaviours fit exactly to the image that the business is trying to portray to its customers (Alan Price 2007). The alignment between employees behaviour and value of organizations brand image is very important. It is suggested that organisations need to ensure that in that respect is no gap between what the organisation is saying in the outside world and what people believe at heart the business. The employees should be perceived as Brand ambassador and brand marketing would only be successful if they LIVE THE BRAND. From this perspective 1. Organizations have encouraged employees to get in to the business visi on and values. 2. They have to ensure that everyone in the organization clearly understand the purpose of the common set of values. According to Ind (2004), the themes discussed are likely to be of interest to HR and marketing practitioners as well as those baffling in internal communications within organisations. Employees themselves are expected to interiorise features and aspects of the organisations brand to ensure that they become brand champions, thus helping to represent to organisations brand to the outside customers. Such an approach immediately raises some interesting problems relating to par and diversity as it expects each employee to share a particular set of values and act in accordance with these values. The employee branding approach universe recommended by Ind raises a number of challenges for those interested in an equality and diversity agenda. An organisation that aims to ensure that employees are living the brand will specifically aim to attract and recrui t employees who already share the values of the corporate brand. Furthermore, those already employed within the organisation will be encouraged to internalise the values of the organisation. Clearly, there are problems for encouraging diversity here, with one of the principles of diversity management being an acceptance and recognition that people are different and individual differences (especially of values) should be welcomed. Inherently, a living the brand focus is likely to go against such a principle. Ind makes the point that encouraging employee identification and commitment to the organisations brand values might abandon an expression of individuality. However, Ind suggests that internal branding combined with allowing employees to be empowered will enable freedom with order.Denial of individuality ( tog out enactment policy)When it comes to professional image, many employers are realising that Standards of fit out and personal presentation are essential thus having a po licy on dress compute can be important. Where the employees meet customers, they act as the shop window for the company and the benefits of presentable appearance are diaphanous. However, even where the employees work is internal, there are less tangible benefits such as Creating a team atmosphere, Engendering standards of professionalism, and Creating a corporate image. As employers are realising this, they are paying more attention to the appearance of their employees and the image and perception of the business dress, fertilisation and personal hygiene are all part and parcel of this. However, the issue of work place dress codes can be highly controversial. It is vital that employers are aware of the discrimination issues that dress codes can create.Issues with work place dress codesIn organisations with ordereds, the issues can be more wide ranging. For instance, at the Greater Manchester police force Force, bureaucracy and unwillingness to accept change has hampered the introduction of hijabs for Muslim women. At Inchcape Fleet Solutions where all 140 non-senior staffs are provided with polo shirts or blouses branded with the company logotype the style of the uniform does not suit all staff and most do not like wearing it. This would affect their moods at work and accordingly affect their performance.Complaints of discriminationFurthermore, a complaint was raised informally by the staff forum of child trust fund provider Family Investments and relates to the fact that women can wear trousers that are not full length, while men cannot. Employees have requested that the company allows shorts to be worn, as long as they are below the knee Also, in September 2006, a British Airways worker has been suspended and attended an appeal over wearing a cross at work at Heathrow Airport. She claims the suspension is discriminatory, especially since the airline allows Sikh employees to wear traditional iron bangles and Muslim workers to wear headscarve s.BA has said it will review its uniform policy in light of the media storm the story has provoked.Employer branding and discrimination lawThere are three areas of discrimination relevant to dress code policy 1. Sex Discrimination Act 1975 2. Religious or Belief Regulations 2003 3. Disability Discrimination Act 1995.Sex discrimination and dress codesThere is the obvious potential for sex discrimination in any dress code, which sets different requirements for men and women. Past claims have challenged policies that women must wear skirts men should not have long hair Men must wear a collar and tie. The case of Matthew Thompson who objected to the dress code imposed by the Department for Work Pensions at his place of work, a job centre in Stockport, can also be a good example. Mr Thompson claimed that the dress code discriminated against male employees as they were agonistic to wear a collar and tie whereas female employees could wear T-shirts to work. The Employment Tribunal f ound in favour of Mr Thompson stating that the dress code was discriminatory as the requirement to wear a collar and tie was gender based and there were no items of clothing that were imposed on women in the same office. From the Thompson case, it became clear that employers should be careful in the way that they draft their dress codes. Employers are not prevented from imposing dress codes that require employees to wear specified items of clothing as long as the code is drafted in such a way as to be even-handed between men and women. For example, jobs in the City, the current convention is for some(prenominal) men and women to wear suits. The convention is that a man should wear a tie with a suit but the same does not apply to a woman. A dress code requiring a smart suit could apply to both sexes but be enforced in a non-discriminatory manner subdue for each sex.Religion/belief discrimination and dress codesA dress code that requires employees to act in a way contrary to their phantasmal beliefs, risks being indirectly discriminatory. Thus, a dress code forbidding headgear will be discriminatory to male Sikhs, who must wear a turban. The best way to avoid these problems is to be as non-specific as possible. A widely worded dress code requiring smart appearance, with non-binding examples of suitable dress, cannot fall foul of specific clothing-related beliefs. To cross-check your dress code against the main religions clothing beliefs, refer to Acas Guide on Religion and Belief which has a useful chart at Appendix 2 (pages 40-50). It whitethorn be possible for employers to objectively justify a dress code contrary to any of these beliefs, if it can be done so objectively. For example, employees at a chocolate factory were successfully prohibited from having beards for health and sentry duty reasons. However, employers should be very wary of relying on objective justification as the courts are indisposed(p) to accept it. There whitethorn be a questio n mark in some cases whether a persons views are beliefs. According to Acas, Rastafarianism (which requires the wearing of a hat) is a belief system. Certain political beliefs or powerful sentiments such as patriotism (the wearing of an American flag badge) may or may not be regarded as beliefs. Employers should respect beliefs that are strongly held whether or not they are religious in nature.Disability discrimination and dress codesDisabled employees may not be able to comply with a dress code, for example, an employee with a neck injury unable to wear a tie. However, by and large, this need not affect the way the code is drafted instead, employers should be sensitive in the enforcement of the dress code. In summary, employers should be quite a bit flexible when writing a policy on employee dress or appearance. Reasonable flexibility and sensitivity to the employees racial differences should be allowed in the dress code to make employees comfortable and any conflict and law suits , while meeting the Trust standard of Dress code. This view is echoed by organisations such as Broker Network, which believes that employees should be able to make their own judgments on what is best to wear. Many companies are now turning their backs on the concept of dress-down Fridays, opting instead to ditch smart business-wear every day of the week. A survey of 560 organisations has found that four out of five employers believe a more relaxed dress code leads to greater productivity. Nine out of 10 organisations that replied to the crownwork by the Peninsula employment law consultancy had declared ties an unnecessary part of their dress code.ConclusionThe issues discussed above create a challenge for HR professionals involved in employee focused branding projects, especially those where employees are expected to share a specific set of values. That is that such initiatives will undoubtedly create a tautness and potentially conflict with principles underlying an equality and diversity agenda. Inds suggestion that inside-out branding allows freedom and order remains unconvincing even when the employees are involved in constructing the brand values. An organisation that dictates a set of values for employees to internalise is still a homogenising force. Organisations that genuinely take diversity programmes seriously will have to tackle this tension. One possible way out of this conundrum is to include equality and diversity awareness as a key value include in the internal brand proposition.RecommendationsAny guidelines should be carefully drafted, and employers are advised to treat any requests to dress contrary to the company code for religious or racial reasons with respect. Employers should consult the employee in question and discuss how to include reasonable requests, and try to find a favourable solution. A tribunal will be more likely to be sympathetic to the employer where a policy is required for health and safety purposes, rather than simply to maintain a corporate image.Decide what restrictions on employees appearance are necessary and why. For example, teachers are expected to wear sensible footwear, suitable for the activities their job involves. Restrictions should not be excessive or unreasonable, for instance insisting on suits or ties in the office when employees are not customer-facing.Set out the guidelines clearly, and include the rationale behind any restrictions. relieve why restrictions may be placed on some employees but not others (for example, no body piercing for those operating heavy machinery for health and safety purposes, and those working within a caf of a supermarket may have stricter codes enforced on them than those who work in the same store, but dont come into direct link with food).Give employees notice of when the policy will come into force. Allow employees a grace period before disciplining for non-compliance. Explain what will happen if employees are found to be in persistent breach of the policy (disciplinary action and, potentially, dismissal). Give the name of an individual that employees can talk to if they feel they cannot comply with the policy. Current legislation on issues that could lead to discrimination should be reviewed from time to time, and staff handbook should be read by employment lawyers to ensure compliance. Guidelines should also be updated to accommodate the legislation. Base the policy on business-related reasons. Explain your reasons in the policy so employees understand the rationale behind the restrictions. Common business-related reasons include maintaining the organizations public image, promoting a productive work environment, or complying with health and safety standards. Require employees to have an appropriate, well-groomed appearance. Even casual dress policies should specify what clothing is inappropriate (such as sweat suits, shorts, and jeans) and any special requirements for employees who deal with the public. Communica te the policy. Use employee handbooks or memos to alert employees to the new policy, any revisions, and the penalties for noncompliance. In addition, explain the policy to job candidates. Apply the dress code policy uniformly to all employees. This can prevent claims that the policy adversely affects women or minorities. However, you may have to make exceptions if required by law. (See next suggestion.) counterbalance reasonable accommodation when the situation requires an exception. Be prepared to accommodate requests for religious practices and disabilities, such as head coverings and facial hair. Apply consistent discipline for dress code violations. When disciplining violators, point out why their attire does not comply with the code and what they can do to complyREFERENCESEdwards, M. R. (2008) Employees as a Focus of Branding Activities A Review of Recent Contributions to the Literature and the Implications for Workplace Diversity, Equal opportunities international. Vol 27(5) pp. 447-481 online functional from www.emerald.com Accessed 1 April 2009Carrington, L (2007) EMPLOYER BRANDING Online Available from http//globaltalentmetrics.com/articles/EB_2007_Brandempl.pdf Accessed 26 March 2009 Wolff, C. (2007) EMPLOYERS USE curb CODES TO ENHANCE CORPORATE IMAGE, IRS. Issue 878. Available from http//www.xperthr.co.uk Accessed 26 March 2009Downes, J. (2007) POLICY CLINIC DRESS CODES, online Available from http//0-www.xperthr.co.uk.lispac.lsbu.ac.uk/article/81919/policy-clinicdress-codes.aspx?searchwords=Policy+clinic%3a+Dress+codes Accessed 26 March 2009Millar, M (2006) EMPLOYERS RELAXING WORK DRESS CODE CAN HELP IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY, online Available from http//www.personneltoday.com/articles/2006/07/26/36558/employers-relaxing-work-dress-code-can-help-improve.html Accessed 26 March 2009Dr. Sullivan, J (2008) EMPLOYMENT BRANDING THE lone(prenominal) LONG-TERM RECRUITING STRATEGY, online Available from http//www.drjohnsullivan.com/content/view/183/27/ Access ed 26 March 2009 Stephen Morrall, S Urquhart, C (2003) SEX DISCRIMINATION ARE DRESS CODES DISCRIMINATORY? online Available from http//www.drjohnsullivan.com/content/view/183/27/ Accessed 26 March 2009 Gronlund, J K (2008) HOW EMPLOYER BRANDINGCAN FOSTER TRUSTS AND LOYALTY? Online Available from http//www.employerbrand.com/Points_pathf.html Accessed 26 March 2009

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Autoimmune Disorder

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus autoimmune DisorderAUTOIMMUNE DISORDERSThe immune governing body is an important system inwardly the human consistency that defends against indisposition and internal malfunction. When there is an invader or a pathogen, the bodys immune system responds accordingly, usually destroying the pathogen before it can infect the body and ca work illness. The immune system also helps identify malfunctioning cells and eliminates them before faulty DNA is replicated. Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system of a persevering no longer identifies foreign versus self correctly. The immune system of a patient with an autoimmune disorder will attack the bodys cells or tissues causing wrongfulness or death. (Lettre Rioux, 2008).Autoimmune disorders can be genetically predisposed, but just because a patient is predisposed to a particular disorder does not taut they will necessarily experience it. Often times, autoimmune disorders occur through a combinatio n of genetic predispositions and environmental factors. This means a patient whitethorn have a genetic predisposition for systemic lupus erythematosus but the disorder is triggered by an invading virus the patient encounters and only thereafter do they digest from the symptoms of SLE. There are now 68 genetic precursors that are linked to the development of autoimmune disorders, while in the past only about 15 had been identified. Symptoms of autoimmune diseases vary depending on what part of the body the immune system is attacking (Understanding Autoimmune Diseases, 2016) (Lettre Rioux, 2008).Within the immune system there are some(prenominal) types of cells. B-cells and T-cells play key roles within the immune system and in autoimmune diseases. There are two types of T-cells, CD4 T-helper cells that identify an invader and make the antibody creating B-cells aware and CD8 cytotoxic T-cells which will destroy a previously encountered threat without stimulating the creation of ant ibodies by B-cells. CD4 T-cells are also known as regulatory T-cells (Treg cells). These Tregs play a role in preventing autoimmunity by maintaining the ability to identify self. When these cells no longer identify self properly or at all, an autoimmune disease occurs. When T-helper cells do not identify self-versus-foreign properly they stimulate B-cells to create antibodies to destroy the bodys tissues or cells, called autoantibodies, or the cytotoxic T-cells will destroy the tissue or cells of oneself. (Venes et al., 2005, pp. 132, 135, 203, 204) (Corthay, 2009) (Hampe, 2012).SLE or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease most commonly characterized by joint inconvenience oneself (arthralgia) and swelling (edema). SLE can also cause fatigue, mouth sores, aesthesia to sunlight, and butterfly rash across the cheeks and nose of the face, and hair loss. Other symptoms depend on where the body is being attacked by the immune system. For instance, if the immune system o f a patient with SLE is attacking the heart of the patient an additional symptom of arrhythmia may be experienced. (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, 2016).Diagnosis of SLE can be operose as it can be associated with varying symptoms. A test known as antinuclear antibody test (ANA) is used to help diagnose SLE. An antinuclear antibody is an antibody created by the patients immune system to attack the bodys tissues and cells. Some ANA tests are enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect florescent antibody (IFA). These tests examine how many antinuclear antibodies are present in a patients blood. ANA tests are used when the autoimmune disease may be call foring more than one area of the body this is called a systemic autoimmune disease. Because SLE is systemic, an ANA test helps confirm that SLE is the diagnosis as opposed to rheumatoid arthritis. However, having a positive ANA test does not mean that a patient has SLE. SLE is often misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis bec ause they distribute common symptoms such as edema and arthralgia this is why doctors often use an assortment of other tests to diagnose SLE, along with a physical exam as four of the eleven common symptoms of SLE must be present before a patient can be diagnosed. Some of those common symptoms were listed to a higher place butterfly rash across the face, joint pain, sensitivity to sunlight, hair loss, fatigue, and edema. (Antinuclear Antibody, 2017)(Starkebaum, 2016)(Bocco, 2017).Systemic Lupus Erythematosus can be case-hardened but not cured. Because it is an autoimmune disease, SLE is treated with immunosuppressants. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an immunosuppressant that slows down the immune system and its attack on the bodys tissues and cells. HCQ was originally used in the treatment of malaria and is known as a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic medicate (DMARD). It is recommended that patients diagnosed with SLE immediately start a HCQ regiment as this drug help prevent shap e up damage from the disease process. HCQ is usually used in chorus with other pain relief drugs because HCQ itself does not provide immediate pain relief. NSAIDS (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are often used in joint pain management for patients with SLE. Over time, HCQ will help relieve joint pain in SLE sufferers as well as help stop further damage to any other affected organs and joints. Corticosteroids are often also prescribed to those with SLE as joint pain is a fully grown symptom of SLE. Corticosteroids mimic naturally produced strong anti-inflammatory substances within the body. However, treatments come with jeopardize factors. In rare cases, HQC can cause retinopathy retinopathy is when vision is transfigureed or complete blindness occurs. Likewise, long term use of corticosteroids has adverse effects including osteoporosis, hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), and cataracts. Dosage of corticosteroids are adjusted for long term use in patients with SLE to avoid th ese side effects and routine eye exams are done on those using HCQ to prevent retinopathy. (Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine), 2014) (Bartels, 2016) (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015).Systemic Lupus Erythematosus predominantly affects women. search suggests this is due in part to oestrogen. For every one man diagnosed with SLE, there are nine to twenty women diagnosed. Within the population of women who are at risk for SLE, women who are not white are at a higher risk for SLE as well as women under the age of 15 and over the age of 45. The discrepancy in race may have to do with the fact that colored females have higher recorded levels of estrogen than do white females. Estrogen is thought to make women more susceptible to an autoimmune disease such as SLE because of its intracellular transcription ability to alter DNA. The effects of estrogen have also been studied holistically in association with the disease. Estrogen may encourage systemic inflammation in SLE and affect the severity of the disease and acute instances of it. Although estrogen has been identified as causing inflammation it has also been identified as prohibiting inflammation thus meaning estrogen can act oppositely as it does in SLE in terms of another autoimmune disease. The discrepancy between the genders cannot completely be accounted for mainly with estrogen levels, however. Sex hormones are not the only determining factor for autoimmune diseases, others include epigenetics, infections, genetics, and external environment. (Pierdominici Ortona, 2013, pp. 25-27) (Khan Ahmed, 2015) (Isherwood Witter, 2012)ReferencesAntinuclear Antibody (ANA). (2017, troop 22). Retrieved March 23, 2017, from Lab Tests Online website https//labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/ana/ contraceptive pill/test/Bartels, C. M. (2016, September 19). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Treatment and Management (H. S. Diamond, Ed.). Retrieved March 23, 2017, from Medscape website http//emedicine.medscape.com/article/33224 4-treatmentBocco, D. (2017, January 3). The Difference Between Lupus and RA (N. Carteron, Ed.). Retrieved March 23, 2017, from Healthline website http//www.healthline.com/health/lupus-and-raOverview1Corthay, A. (2009, June 27). How do Regulatory T Cells Work? Retrieved March 22, 2017, from NCBI website https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2784904/Hampe, C. S. (2012, September 23). B Cells in Autoimmune Diseases. Retrieved March 22, 2017, from Hindawi website https//www.hindawi.com/journals/scientifica/2012/215308/Hansen, M. S., Schuman, S. G. (2011, June). Hydroxychloroquine-Induced Retinal Toxicity. Retrieved March 23, 2017, from American Academy of Ophthamology website https//www.aao.org/eyenet/article/hydroxychloroquine-induced-retinal-toxicityIsherwood, D., Witter, J. (2012, July 16). Lupus fact sheet (B. Diamond, Ed.). Retrieved March 24, 2017, from Womenshealth.gov website https//www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/lupus.htmlKhan, D., Ahmed, S. A. (2015, December 3). The Immune System Is a Natural Target for Estrogen Action Opposing Effects of Estrogen in Two Prototypical Autoimmune Diseases. Retrieved March 24, 2017, from NCBI website https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4701921/Mayo Clinic Staff. (2015, November 26). Prednisone and other corticosteroids. Retrieved March 23, 2017, from Mayo Clinic website http//www.mayoclinic.org/steroids/art-20045692?pg=2Pierdominici, M., Ortona, E. (2013). Estrogen Impact on Autoimmunity Onset and Progression the Paradigm of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. global Trends in Immunity, 1(2), 24-34. Retrieved from http//researchpub.org/journal/iti/number/vol1-no2/vol1-no2-3.pdfPlaquenil (hydroxychloroquine). (2014, February 10). Retrieved March 23, 2017, from Netdoctor website http//www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/aches-and-pains/a7356/plaquenil-hydroxychloroquine/Starkebaum, G. A. (2016, January 16). Systemic lupus erythematosus. Retrieved March 23, 2017, from MedlinePlus website https//medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000435.htmUnderstanding Autoimmune Diseases. (2016, March). Retrieved March 22, 2017, from National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and cutis Diseases website https//www.niams.nih.gov/%5C/Health_Info/Autoimmune/default.aspVenes, D., Biderman, A., Adler, E., Fenton, B. G., Enright, A. D., Patwell, J., . . . Wight, A.-A. (Eds.). (2005). Tabers Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary (20th ed.). Philadelphia, PA F.A. Davis Company.

Skills Required in Phlebotomy

Skills Requi flushed in PhlebotomyObjectivesTo acquire the knowledge and skills to perform phlebotomy and finger prick.To learn the effect of draw and its significance.To learn various devices and preparation techniques before phlebotomy.IntroductionPhlebotomy is referred to the cutting of a vena. It is a procedure often involving invasion that invades the body through and through cutting or deflate normally carried out by professionals called phlebotomists. Among the major roles involving a phlebotomist is to obtain kin specimens for diagnostic testing. This can be done any by dermal puncture which is done by puncturing the skin or venepuncture which is done by puncturing the veins. Other than that, a phlebotomist is also responsible in redrawing decline from donors during strain transfusion of from any patients having polycythemia which is known for overproduction of blood cells. Phlebotomist be also responsible for collecting and properly packaging urine specimens, accepting ingress specimens (blood and body fluids, etc.), and routing specimens to the proper departments to be tested and analysed. In order for a phlebotomist to withdraw blood from a patient, he should make sure that the tubes are tagged and all the materials are prepared before carrying out the procedure. The best sites for venipunture are normally the superficial veins of the upper limbs. The superficial vein to the highest degree commonly apply for venipuncture is the median Cubital Vein which lies over the cubital fossa and serves as an anastomosis between the basilica veins and the cephalic veins. The next most common vein is the cephalic vein where it can be followed proximally where it empties into the axillary vein. The basilic vein is also a location for venipunture as it divides to join the brachial vein. The usual sites for capillary puncture or finer prick in adults and children are the fingertip. In adults, the ring finger is often selected because it usually is not call o employ. Capillary blood can be obtained from the great toe in infants and babies. In new-borns, the lateral or side portion of the end of the heel pas is used.The BDDiscussionAmong the inappropriate sites for venipuncture are the site affected by a mastectomy. This is because mastectomy causes lymphostasis which means stoppage of lymph flow where the bodys ability to fight infection is compromised if lymph nodes are removed therefore patients are more prone to infections. dropsical sites, an abnormal accumulation of fluid on the intracellular space of the tissue must also be avoided as it can cause difficulty in palpating the veins due to the excess fluid. The specimen can also be contaminated with the fluid. Venipuncture performed at sites of scars and burns are also inappropriate as it causes unusual wo(e) for the patients. This is caused by the veins that are very difficult to palpate and also susceptible to infections as the protective barrier (epidermal layer) has been dis rupted. Other than that, patients who have IV running in their arm should not be used for venepuncture as it whitethorn be a contaminant to the blood collected. Lastly, dermal punctures must never be performed on the fingers of a new-born or very young infant. This is because there is very little distance between the skin and the bone. Therefore, the bone could be easily pierced during the puncture, causation injury to the bone, infection, or gangrene.The order of draw is as follows,Blood CulturesCoagulation thermionic vacuum tube (light blue top)Plain red AND/OR Serum Separator tobacco pipe (red gel/SST)Heparin Tube (green top)Plain Sodium HeparinPlain Lithium HeparinLithium Heparin GelEDTA Tube (purple and pink top)Fluoride/ Oxalate Tube (grey top)Miscellaneous tubes (these are drawn in no specific order)Heavy metal dark blue top (EDTA and plain red)b. ACD yellow topThe declare oneself of the order of draw is to avoid possible test result error due to cross contamination from tube additives. Potassium results can be incorrectly elevated as EDTA is rich in potassium. Therefore test for potassium must be collected before tubes containing EDTA. Other than that, the microscopic appearance of the red blood cells on a WBC differential test will be distorted due to the additives in the Fluoride/ Oxalate tube as oxalate interferes the red blood cell membrane and fluoride alter its morphology. Moreover, coagulation tests such as Activated partial thromboplastic time (aPTT) and prothrombin (PT) can be affected with the presence of back up activators by shortened test results. Bacteria from non-sterile tube stoppers/shields can contaminate blood collected into bottles/tubes used for blood cultures, resulting in the growth of bacteria erroneously leading a physician to think his/her patient has a blood infection.A hematoma is a collection of blood beneath the skin. Hematomas are the most common adverse reaction to venipuncture. Precautions that can be taken to pre vent hematoma in phlebotomy are by puncturing only the uppermost contend of the vein. Other than that, the phlebotomist can also remove the tourniquet before removing the needle. The needle should fully penetrate the upper-most wall of the vein as partial penetration may allow blood to leak into the tissue surrounding the vein. Lastly, adequate pressure should be applied to stop the bleeding once the phlebotomy is complete.Haemolysed blood specimens are not be acceptable for testing. Hemolysis occurs when the red cells rupture and haemoglobin and other intracellular components spill into the serum. Hemolyzed serum or plasma is pink or red, rather than the normal clear straw or pale yellow colour. Steps that can prevent haemolysis are by mixing tubes light or about 5 10 times after collection. The tubes should not be shaken too vigorously and drawing blood should be performed on hematoma individuals. Other than that, when using a needle or syringe, avoid drawing back the plunger t o forcefully. Moreover, if a blood transfer device is used to fill vacutainer tubes, always allow the vacuum to pull the blood into the tubes. Do not use he plunger or syringe to force the blood into the tubes quickly.ReferencesAkron Childrens Hospital, 2015, Lab Test Procedure Performing A Venipuncture. Online. operable at https//www.akronchildrens.org/cms/lab_procedures/9179c8cb8f877ee3/ Accessed 29/01/2015.Johnson. L, 2013, National Center for Competency Testing Phlebotomy order of draw, Online. Available at https//www.ncctinc.com/documents/Phlebotomy%20Order%20of%20Draw.pdf Accessed 29/01/2015.MediaLab incorporated, 2015, Hematoma, Online. Available at https//www.medialabinc.net/spg549505/hematoma.aspx, Accessed 29/01/2015.Turgeon., M,. L, 2005, Clinical Hematology Theory and Procedures, Volume 936, Online, Available at https//books.google.com.my/books?id=cHAjsUgegpQCpg=PA26lpg=PA26dq=edematous+site+venipuncturesource=blots=qxLCqzHsO2sig=OaKkj33lflGKFvorZweYFnb4RHUhl=en sa=Xei=n1bHVI-VM4yD8gW29IKoBgved=0CDIQ6AEwAwv=onepageq=edematous%20site%20venipuncturef=false , Accessed 29/01/2015

Different Texts, Similar Themes :: essays research papers

Today and forever in the future we will look back and reflect on the past, the good experiences, the badness experiences. However, the bad experiences always seem to be the most remembered. This is because the bad experiences the world has suffered have been horrific in numerous cases and have ultimately changed the way we watch today.Authors and composers continue to recap the happenings of the past through novels, reports, movies, articles and much more. But do they really grasp the ideas? Do they really know how the people of the world suffered in the recounts they produce, when they really happened? It appears today that some composers have more ideas than others, what life was really like in these times and the way they present their work shows this.Two of many examples convey the times of the past to do with dehumanisation include One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich by Alexsandr Solzhenitsyn and the film Schindlers List say by Steven Spielberg.Schindlers List is the tru e story of Oskar Schindler, a very well respected man. A native German, he relocated to Corocon, Poland after it vanish into German hands so he could capitilise on Jewish labour at slave wages. There he established an enamelware factory and made odious amounts of money, while wining, dining and bribing nazi officials to get his way. But while Schindler was profiting from the Jews work, he became disgusted by the way they were being treated. He slowly became more good-hearted towards the Jews, his attitude changing while realizing that what was happening was wrong and that he could do something about it. He began to use his money and his influence to bring more Jews into his factory, a haven where they were not beaten or killed. Or as Mr Welsh placed it Schindler used his power to gain things for himself then used it for the Jews. By the force out of World War II., Schindlers List of Jews to be saved had grown to over 1,000, and he ended up spending his entire future to buy thei r lives from the Nazis.Solzheitsyns novel is based around the mob life of some political prisoners who were being prosecuted under Stalins rulings. These prison camps were initiated by Stalin, attraction of the Soviet Union from 1953 until 1956, who constructed one of the tightest and toughest Communisims in history. In relation to this book being a prisoner at a special camp meant that you had rebelled against Stalins system of government and you could face imprisonment unjustly with sentences for as long as 25 years.

The Tragedy of Date Rape Essay -- Expemplification Essays

Exemplary Essay - The Tragedy of Date RapeIn the fall of 1995, Kristin barrel maker was a sophomore at Baker University in Kansas. She was a member of Alpha Chi Omega, an expert skier from the mountains of Colorado, a swimmer, and was active in band, choir and drama.On the night of New Years Eve of that same year, her mother Andrea Cooper came home to find Kristina dead of a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head on the family dwell floor.Cooper shared the story of her daughters last months through an essay titled Kristins Story. The essay includes poetry, letters and descriptions from the personal journal found next to Kristins ashes on the night of her death. It was not until Cooper read the journal for the first time that she realized her daughter had been date raped prior to her suicide.Since then, Cooper has travelled around the country to speak to campuses and conferences virtually the aftermath of rape and to try to convince victims to come forward. She visited 45 college s, four conferences and more than 24,000 people in 2004 alone. xx of those visits, including this one to Clemson, were made possible with grants through Alpha Chi Omega and Coopers own sorority, Delta Delta Delta. Members of the two sororities were present at the discussion to distribute fliers, cozies decorated with fate phone numbers and ribbons to promote awareness of informal assault and violence against women.Its healing for me, Cooper said. It keeps Kristins memory alive, and maybe by talking about it, I can help someone.According to the Rape Crisis Council of Pickens County, one out of every four females will be sexually assaulted in their college years. However, rape counts for only vii percent of the college... ...psychological help.However, in 2003, only one sexual assault was reported to the police, a fact that Sparks believes is due to a fear of coming forward about the attack.Were trying to get the word out that its okay to tell, she said.Psychologists are on hand at Redfern to listen to rape victims without judging or blaming, to give comfort, and to emotional state for signs of post-rape trauma. Without proper training, Cooper wasnt able to spot these signs in her daughter.I was not able to help Kristin, but I hope that by being here, I have helped a man or a woman in the audience, she said.Cooper added that female date rape is not the only type of sexual assault threatens the population. Male rape, marital rape and stranger rape are other traumatizing experiences that frequently go unreported, and carry with them the same post-traumatic stress symptoms.