Fourth Amendment Issue Essay Example for Free

Fourth Awork forcedment Issue EssayBailey v. United States In this paper I will be discussing the case of Bailey v. United states. First we will be looking to see all the facts of this case to furbish up a clear capture of the issue at hand. Then well cover what the issue is for this case, and wherefore it would be an issue in accordance to the Fourth Amendment. I will make a attitude in this paper about if I think the issue at hand is or isnt a violation of the Fourth Amendment. The decisions of all the courts will be looked at, and their reasonings.These sort of cases are important to the ever lifetime and breathing document that is the Constitution because cases like hese help change, form, and update (so to speak) the properlys that we are afforded according to the United States. On July 28th, 2005 the police force of Suffolk County received information via a confidential informant that he had purchased drugs. The drug deal was for the tot of six grams of crack coca ine. During the drug deal the informant described that he had seen a firearm in the flat.The apartment was separate space ofa house located in the basement of 103 Lake Drive in Wyandanch, saucy York. The information gave further detail as such. The exact description of the individual he had urchased the guns from a heavy clan black male with short named known as Polo. Oustice. org, page 2) The informant also gave the exact details of the type and description of the gun that he had seen in the apartment which was a handgun. On the same sidereal day the police went to the Judge on call to obtain a apologise. by and by proving the credibility of the informant they were qualified to obtain a no-knock instance. A no-knock warrant is decenniumding(p) when there is an idea that the police going to course a warrant might be defameed or if there is a chance that the evidence expect to be ollected could be destroyed. The search warrant specified the basement apartment as the loc ation to be searched, and items to be retrieved were the handgun and any amm social unition to go along with it.A single Detective was given the task of watching the apartment while the warrant was being obtained to ensure that the officers that were going to execute the warrant would know if any one was in the apartment, and if so how many. The affiant then went to the scene while the search unit got ready to execute the warrant. While they were watching the house the 2 of them itnessed two individuals that could meet the description of the the informants description of Polo exit from the basement apartment and get into a political machine.The two officers followed the car fora few blocks before wrench over the vehicle. After the car was check markped the officers asked the two occupants to step out of the vehicle and proceeded to tricky them bundle. After the two identified themselves, the officers confirmed the driver was the Polo, and the occupant was a friend he was driv ing shoes. During the stop the officer searched the pockets and free-base a set of keys in Polos front pocket. Polo explained the keys were to his apartment.The officer then office tell that he was being detained not arrested incident to the search warrant of the apartment. The officer put the two men into a patrol car that was called in and they were driven to the apartment. The second surveillance officer drove Polos car back to the apartment while the first off drove the undercover car. By the time they all reached the apartment again the search unit had already entered the home, executing the warrant. A gun and drugs were in plain view when they had entered the apartment. It was then that the Polo and Middleton were arrested.The keys that were found in the front pocket were also seized incident to his arrest along with two addition guns outside the one in plain view, many rounds of ammunition, a bullet proof vest, 40 grams of crack cocaine,39 grams of powder cocaine, drug p araphernalia, and several documents with the petitioners name on them. Several boxes of personal items that indicated someone had tardily moved into the apartment. The police officers also had tried the keys they had seized from Polo and found that one of the keys opened the door to the apartment.It was in April 2006 that Bailey, Polo, was indicted on the multiple counts for having both drugs and firearms in his apartment. The questioned issue here can be clarified by this asseveration presented in the government brief. Whether the Fourth Amendment permitted police officers, incident to the execution of a valid search warrant for a deadly weapon at a private residence, to detain an occupant who left the immediate vicinity of the premises, when the detention was conducted as soon as reasonably practicable. (americanbar. org).The issue seems to be the fact they the couple up were ot in the direct vicinity of the place to be searched when they were initially stopped and detained , nor was the warrant being kill when they were pokeed over. The key and the statements were the only things that could absolutely tie the petitioner to the apartment and the drugs and firearms found within it. Bailey moved to curtail the evidence of the key that was seized, and his conversation with the two officers during his stop under the argument that they had illegally detained him.The court utter this was a legal stop using the case of Michigan v. Summers (452 U. S. 692 1981)) as an explanation as to wherefore the police had a right to detain Bailey. There are tierce points to the Summers case that explain wherefore an officer may detain someone during execution of a search warrant those being officer safety, aiding the completion of the search, and preventing pip if incriminating evidence is found (ohioattorneygeneral. gov).The first issue of officer safety is considering the fact that tribe within the residence may being riled and rise up and try to harm the offic ers in effort to conceal or destroy evidence (law. cornell. edu). Secondly the dea of aiding officers to complete the search claims those that would be detained, if they were not occupants might wander almost the premises, and there is the potential for interference with the execution of the search warrant. They can encompass or destroy evidence, seek to distract the officers, or simply get in the way. (law. ornell. edu) Lastly on this seemingly three pronged streamlet when it comes to the Summers case, is the prevention of flight if evidence is found. It is because of the prosecution using this cases three pronged test to determine the validity of etaining someone during a search that I take a stand on the side of the defense and say that the detention of Bailey is something that unlawful and violated his fourth event car is was not. There are many reasons why, but I can simply look at the three prong test and clearly shred two of their prongs to pieces.There was no real reaso n for them to pull Bailey over after he left his home and because they did the key they found on his person during the pat down and the confessions he made to the officers are something that should thrust been left out of the trial. When it comes o the first prong of the Summers test in comparison of the Bailey case it is ridiculous to even believe that from nearly a mile down the road that Bailey would have been able to affect the safety of the officers.It was argued that if they had stopped Bailey just outside the apartment people within the apartment could have been notified of the police and they could have been ready to harm the officers, since it was suspected that weapons were in the home. This is true, in time if this were the case why did they not simply stop him as soon as he got around the corner? The second art of the three is the fact that there could be an instance where those in the home being searched could go around and destroy evidence or even hide it.I look int o that the police can do their Job far more effectively, and search more thoroughly, if they dont have to lionize an eye on those inside a home. However how can this even apply to Bailey? Bailey and the other person that had been in his house were no longer in it. There was no threat that Bailey nor his companion would have been able to hinder the execution of the search warrant. So to me this prong absolutely does not pply in this case. The final event of the Summers prong is that the person in question could become a flight issue if there were evidence found during the search.This is true, Bailey could have fled and become a flight risk if someone were to tip him off that there were cops intrusive his apartment. However, this is true of any search warrant ever. This is too broad ofa point when it comes to the detention of people. Does this mean that ten miles across town if a search warrant is being executed that they have a right to find you wherever you are until they are fin ish with heir search? If not circumscribed, the rationale of preventing flight would Justify, for instance, detaining a suspect who is 10 miles away, ready to board a plane.The interest in preventing escape from police cannot extend this far without undermining the usual rules for arrest based on probable cause or a brief stop for questioning under standards derived from Terry. (law. cornell. edu) So in closing I absolutely go over that the detention of Bailey in this case was unlawful and one hundred percent violated his fourth amendment rights. When this ase first went to court this petition to withhold the keys and confession was denied by the District court, and The Second Circuit agreed on this finding.

Character study of Rosalind from As You Like It Essay Example for Free

Character study of Rosalind from As You Like It EssayRosalind, throughout William Shakespeares As You Like It, uses her expertness to control language to attain her goals. victimization creative speech, Rosalind enables herself to control and gentlemanipulate every situation that she is involved with, especi exclusivelyy those concerning Orlando and quintuplet. Rosalind dominates many scenes in As You Like It and, ultimately, everything that Rosalind fates to occur does. She steady changes her identity to do so. By using ingenious language, Rosalind facilitates the accomplishment of all of her objectives throughout the play. The first situation in which Rosalind displays her dominance in language is in the Forest of Ardenne, disguise as Ganymede, a male. She, knowing that Orlando is yearning for her roll in the hay, comments on his obvious unrequited love, saying, Then there is no true l all over in the forest else sighing every minute and groaning every hour would detect the trifling for of time as well as a clock. (111) By implying that Orlandos love is non true love, she at once inspires Orlando to prove her wrong. Orlando, becoming a little suspicious, inquires why her accent is not rough as a result of her living in the secluded forest her entire life. She retorts almost immediately with an elaborate romance in which she states, But indeed and old religious uncle of mine taught me to speak, who was in his youth an inland man, oneness that knew courtship too well, for there he fell in love. I have heard him make many lectures against it. Although a lie, Rosalind uses this sly and deceptive speech to give herself the excuse to sound educated and the ability to discuss love. Rosalind sets up this situation from the beginning, enabling herself to discreetly mention true love in set out to get Orlandos full attention.Rosalind goes on to obtain Orlandos undivided attention by saying, There is a man that haunts the forest that abuses our young p lants with carving Rosalind on their barks, hands odes upon hjawthrons and elegies on brambles, all, forsooth, the name of Rosalind. If I could meet that fancy-monger, I would give him some good counsel, for he seems to have the quotidian of love upon him. (113). Rosalind proclaims herself as an expert of love in order to give herself an excuse to meet with Orlando and dish out him cope with his situation She knows Orlando will surely agree to meet with her to discuss his love. He says that he is truly in love, but Rosalind states that there is none of my uncles marks upon you. He taught me how to know a man in love. Orlando retorts, I would I could make thee think I love. By implying that Orlando may not even be in love at all, and promoting herself as an expert, she is enabling herself to counsel Orlando. She leads Orlando to want to prove he is in love with Rosalind. The major fact that she is elicit in is observing how deeply Orlando is in love with her and how desperate he is to be with her. By tip Orlando on to believe that she is an expert when it comes to matters that concern true love, Rosalind allows herself to find out what Orlando is thinking about her from a third person, and unbiased, perspective.Rosalind also creatively uses language to manipulate situations that contain Phoebe, Silvius, and her own disguised character, Ganymede. Although Silvius deeply loves Phoebe, she continues to pass up his brutally. However, Ganymede gets involved to defend Silvius, saying to Phoebe, Who might be your mother, that you provoke, exult and all at once over the wretched? What though you have no beauty-as, by my faith, I see no more in you than without candle may go dark to bed-must you be therefore proud and pitiless? (131). Ganymede goes onto criticizes Phoebe even more by saying, Tis not your inky brows, you black silk hair, your bugle eyeballs, nor your cheek of cream that can entame my strong drink to your worship.However, instead of getting Phoebe to realize she should appreciate Silvius love, Ganymede unintentionally obtains Phoebes love. Phoebe states to Ganymede, Sweet youthm I demand you chide a year together. I had rather hear you chide than this man Silvius woo. 133. Phoebe becomes attracted to Ganymede not realizing that Ganymede is really Rosalind, a woman. Rosalind, realizing this, continues to insult and criticizes Phoebe. She knows that she can eventually trick Phoebe into loving Silvius. Seeing an opportunity, Ganymede continues to insult Phoebe in order to continue to attain her love. Also, Rosalind sees that Silvius love for Phoebe is deep and true, despite that Phoebe rejects and ignores him. She sees the opportunity to manipulate Phoebe into loving Silvuis. As a result, she continues to lead Phoebe on, preparing for the time in which she ahs the chance cajole her to love Silvius.Rosalind uses her creative language one final time in dealing with the weddings. She is able, through the use of witty language, t o arrange each marriage, and those who are involved, to her liking. Orlando reveals to Ganymede that he can no perennial love by thinking, and now, more than ever, needs to be with Rosalind. Ganymede then responds by saying, I have since I was three year old, conversed with a magician most profound in his art and yet not damnable.If you do love Rosalind so near the heart as your gesture cries out, when your brother marries Aliena shall you marry her By assuring Orlando that Rosalind would marry him the next day, Ganymede then proceeds with the second part of her plan. She realizes that Phoebe has an attraction towards her as Ganymede She uses this fact to persuade Phoebe to marry her, with one stipulation. If Phoebe for some reason decides that she does not want to marry Ganymede, Phoebe would then be obligated to marry Silvius. Ganymede obtains Phoebes agreement on their marriage, stating, If you do forswear to marry me, Youll give yourself to this most faithful shepherd Silvius. Ganymede goes on to stateTo Silvius I will help you if I can. To Phoebe I would love you if I could-Tomorrow meet me all together. I will marry you if I ever marry a woman, and Ill be marry tomorrow. To Orlando I will satify you and you shall be married tomorrow.Eventually, Ganymede reveals herself as Rosalind, and, accompanied by Hymen, prepares to marry Orlando. Aliena reveals herself to be Celia and weds Oliver. Phoebe, realzing that her lover, Ganymede, is really a female, then agrees to wed Silvius as a part of he pact with Rosalind.

Introduction to Cross-Cultural Psychology Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Cross- heathen psychological science EssayHaving subtlety as a field of psychological science makes sense beca expenditure cultivation plays a pregnant role in everyday life. subtlety allows person to define who they atomic number 18 how they survive. Expressions of who one is poop be done in many ways, by way, appearance, and language. Without culture, ones human nature would rely on instinct to remain alive. Culture is a product of ones environment. How important culture is and how culture influences oneself and others entrust be discussed in this paper. Examining various types of relationships as it pertains to culture and cross cultural psychology will excessively be deliberated. Critical view and the role it plays in cross cultural psychology and the use of scientific method will also be covered. Definition of Cultural and Cross-Cultural Psychology there are many avenues when looking at what culture stands for, exactly for most there is an agre ement that culture is passed down from one generation to the next, there is a strong influence of molding ones behavior, and that culture is learned.Ones environment is based on the culture that he or she is subjected to. Culture influences humans in many ways that is what makes humans human. Culture separates individuals from any other species and affords one the prospect to use instinct and cultural knowledge to survive. Culture is woven into ones fabric of fooling life, and aids in how one interacts with others. By definition psychology is the study of performance and human behavior, so when tying to define ones actions, it is imperative that incorporating ones culture into the equation.See more(prenominal) how to start an essayThe behaviors of a person can be directly related to the environment or various biological factors, but, behavior can not be solely answered by just those devil things without examining the social cultural conditions which impact that persons behavior. Cultural psychology looks for the connection between psychology and ones culture. By looking at this link the correlation between culture and behavior is recognized. Acknowledging this permits that cognitive operations are the variable in culture and oneself based on the environment that he or she is surrounded by (Segal, Dasen, Berry Poortinga, 1999).Culture can bring people together as healthful as separate others. Cross-cultural psychology is a newer specialty in the field. This field does not just focus on one specialized culture when attempting to clarify the actions of someones behavior. sort of it views many different cultures that could be affected a person. It is imperative to know not to confuse race, ethnicity and troupe with culture. They do offer a look at a persons individualism but it is different than ones culture. A society consists of people where a culture is a vulgar interest shared by persons with in a group that lead to a given behavior.To see human beha vior, viewing other approaches like sociological, cultural mixtures, integrative approach, eco-cultural and evolutionary all help in understanding how a humans behavior could fluctuate based on. For example, when looking at the evolutionary approach views the biological factors contributing to the behavior over the eco-cultural approach views the environment (Shiraev Levy, 2010). The Relationship between Cultural and Cross-Cultural Psychology in that location are two different disciplines, anthropology and philosophy, that overlap in cultural psychology. and then reviewing other disciplines there is a wider viewpoint when searching various actions that others do. The purpose of cultural psychology is to unearth how someones culture affects behavior as well as how the connection is generated. Human energy cannot be the only factory determining ones predisposition. Cultural psychology interprets that ones question should not be viewed as separate when explaining behavior. However, cross culture psychology relates to not only invoice and anthropology but also similarities and distinctions between histories.Regardless, some(prenominal) disciplines take into account culture so their foundations are close. The difference occurs because cultural psychology is enkindle in the relationship with culture someone has versus cross-cultural being raise in comparison on cultures (Shiraev Levy, 2010). The Role of Critical Thinking in Cross-Cultural Psychology use critical thinking the right way, there are many ways that critical thinking that be a benefit. Life can be complex and complicated to understand.Critical thinking provides someone the major power to steer through life with a certainty. This being said, critical thinking is learned, not n transmissible trait. Being able to think hypothetically, decrypt puzzles, synchronizing thoughts and communicating all require critical thinking. use critical thinking operator that one asks questions that will ultimat ely solve problems. If someone is unqualified or unskilled, it is possible they will not develop to full potential. By developing the critical thinking skill, this means that one could grow and learn. The use of language, patience when making important decisions, and ability to organize (Hunter, 2009). All of those that were mentioned are influences in cross-cultural psychology.Language can lead to discrimination for example. The way words are translated can be confused because of the way that it is understood. Translating word for word could lead to an incorrect translation. Understanding that any language can be translated into other meanings causing traumatization or inspiring depending on the interpretation. The question is another social occasion of cross-cultural psychology that is attached to critical thinking. explore that is conducted without bias, emotion, choosing right from wrong, and accepting validity and reliability of that research is a form of critical thinking.I t is normal for there to be comparisons made when linking groups or cultures. Here are a few instances how critical thinking and cross-cultural psychology are intertwined. Without a critical thinking understanding how culture affects behavior could form the wrong impression (Segal, Dasen, Berry Poortinga, 1999). Methodology Associated with Cross-Cultural Research Research is a critical part of cross cultural psychology. Without having research the only information astir(predicate) cross-cultural psychology would be assumptions.Psychologists who focus their studies on cross cultural psychologists are intrigued with the commonalities between cultures. As psychologists explain, foretell and manage various behaviors of those they observe they do so because humans are consumed with the interactions he or she has with others resulting in behaviors. Generating research is done by scientific investigation. Cross cultural psychology research is subdivided into denary and qualitative resea rch.Quantitative research is done through observation by mode, median and mean. Qualitative research is nconditioned settings or a natural setting. This method is picked when the variables are impossible to gather because the tools are not available. There are two different strategies that are also available to use the application orientated and comparativist strategy. The selective information collected by these strategies can be done through systematic or random taste (Shiraev Levy, 2010). Observation (naturalistic and laboratory), survey (direct and indirect), experimental studies (independent and dependent variables), content-analysis, psychobiography, meta-analysis, focus-group method (Shiraev Levy, 2010, pp. 5-40) are all available to psychologists who are interested in cross cultural insestigations.When using cross cultural psychology hindrances could occur. Language could create problems when complete research consequently ensuring correct translation is of the utmost im portance. Investigators should be able to decipher a specific method as realistically as possible. Attention should also be paid when associating two phenomena and also avoid biases at all times (Shiraev Levy, 2010). Conclusion Since culture plays a vital role in ones life, it is critical to recognize that it is what causes ones behavior.Culture is manmade and appears all of the time without a good deal thought. It is important for one to be a successful psychologist that there is a clear understanding of both cultural and cross cultural psychology and how it effects the individual as well as his or her environment. Because of cultural psychology one can trace the connection between culture and psychology and ultimately behavior. Viewing various parallels in cultural psychology can help see the differences as well as similarities between cultures and how it impacts ones actions. Without it, there will always be a mystery story surrounding humanity.

Politics and Religion Essay Example for Free

Politics and Religion EssayTo answer the hypothetical interrogative sentence whether or not, if I was a semi policy-making leader in the early seventeenth century, I would commit religion to my own ends would be very difficult and daunting. At the very turn upset, it should be noted that the seventeenth century was a very exciting period. It was characterized by major movements, shakers, upheavals and pivotal points. To be brief and concise, reserve me to broaden a timeless, albeit simplistic answer to this above menti unmatchabled hypothetical question. My answer would be NO, and I offer three reasons to back my answer.1. Politics and Religion must never cockle. Most democratic countries declare in their state principles and policy that there should be a separation of Church and State. So much so, matters of eldritch import can not and must not exist alongside matters of political and worldly dominions. To mix both would be to invite chaos and perhaps, bigotry, social i njustice and create inequities due to over burning religiosity. 2. Lessons in History tell us that religious standards imposed by those who wield political deviate crumbled in time.Such lessons definitely point out that indeed, sound judgment dictate that a political leader should not give religion to advance his own ends. We see abdications, uprising and other tearing overthrows and civil uprising involving religious disquiet and bigotry towards political leaders, not hardly in the seventeenth century, but all throughout history, when religion is used by political hands. Religion, being the opium of the masses whitethorn prove beneficial at times, but in the long run, like the effect of drugs or opium, commonwealth come to their senses, and again, as earlier pointed out, there must be a separation of matters of faith and matters of state.3. use religion to advance geniuss ends, no matter how noble is morally wrong. One should use sheer power of conviction, political will an d strength of character and unbridled and sterling leadership qualities if one is to be an effective political leader. The use of spirituality or religion in advancing ones political ends is a moral wrong. This by example, as the Spaniards once were, is called mammon after Christ/Cross. Up until now, the Roman Catholic Church is plagued and beset by the wrongs committed by the Church officials during the dark ages.This only shows that again, Religion and Politics are two incompatible concepts, and should be avoided. While an enlightened governance or political leadership is a paradox, it should not be an impossibility. After all, conscientious leadership is a desired trait for a political leader, however, out and out, politics and religion should not be put out in one outfit, especially so in such turbulent a time as the 17th century. For the above stated reasons, I reiterate my answer No. If I was a political leader in the 17th century, I will not use religion for my own end.

Comparing For Profit and Non for Profit Colleges Essay Example for Free

comp atomic number 18 For Profit and Non for Profit Colleges EssayColleges and university prep atomic number 18 slowly be exercise one of the stepping stones into the working world today. plurality go to colleges for higher education with the intention of earning degrees in which they drop use in their respective fields. both(prenominal) example degrees that people pursue are Medical, Law, Business, Accounting, and Science Degrees. Through the years the idea of college was that it was optional and it was a door for better life and job. However in the modern times, it become a necessity. It alone started when the colleges at one time single- gender excogitations tar move specific scholars in their respective demographics.Today, the college market has now been divided into devil major categories Not-for-Profit Colleges and For-Profit colleges. Not-For-Profit Colleges are institutions that are arouse in serving the students needs by providing necessary education to the student. The Not-For-Profit system are tax exempt and take for a card of trustees that makes decisions. For-Profit Colleges are run like a business in which their goal is to generate income for their proprietors and shareholders. There are no display board of trustees at For-Profit College and the testifyer and shareholders control the decision on which is best for the institution.Although the objective for both Not-for-Profit Colleges and For-Profit College is to run their students an education in which they can use for their future, both institution ache great differences in which their organizations are run. Although the primary objective For-Profit colleges is to impart an education, they are merely a business in which their goal is to earn a profit. Like some(prenominal) business, the For-Profit Colleges can be setup as a sole proprietorship, partnership, or even a appurtenant of a larger comp some(prenominal).The For-Profit College can also be setup as a corporation that have stocks traded on the stock markets. They will try to bring earnings and a return on investiture for all in all their shareholders and investors. They can have great flexibility because at the end of the day, the goal for the For-Profit College is to make property and only that. The instructors that are hired at For-Profit Colleges usually have a very different come out to their teaching compared to Non-For-Profit Colleges. Usually they are merely there to carry out the lesson plans in which was designed by the institution.Majority of the lesson plan apt(p) to each student is standard which means the instructors do not have the liberty to create their own platform or lesson plans. This is also due to the aim of the education given is to assist the student in addting specific jobs with specific job functions. The courses at the For-Profit college is to help the students get better jobs in the market while the courses at Not-For-Profit College intend to allow the stu dent learn and flex within their respective fields.Students that enter For-Profit colleges already have a plan in footing of slip of jobs they would like to pursue and they enroll in the necessary courses while some students at Not-For-Profit College have no idea which career that they would like to pursue. Not-For-Profit college help you learn and gain the knowledge in the field that youre interested in while For-Profit colleges prepare you for the specific job that you want to do. The admission process for For-Profit schools are not as selective as the one in Not-For-Profit College.There isnt much prior evaluation of the student since their master(prenominal) goal is to make a profit. They tend to be more flexible in terms of their requirements and appeal to students of all ages and races. Modern day classes can be taken online and at more favourable times much(prenominal) as nights and weekends to accommodate students that work full time. Online has also been the new trend because of the overthrow overhead costs for the For-Profit institution. For-Profit institutions tend to not have a campus like the Not-For-Profit colleges do. For-Profit colleges classes is usually at their own building or leased space.There isnt any services such(prenominal) as on-campus food or housing that is available to the students at For-Profit institutions. The college adds students with the education that they need for their desire jobs rather than a college experience that a Not-For-Profit college can provide. For Profit institutions conduct their accounting the same as any regular business would do. Their main goal is to make a profit just like all businesses would do. For-Profit institutions must comply with the national Accounting Standard jump on. The tuitions are personalityed as revenue while the expenses accommodate leases, staff, and maintenance expenses.For-Profit colleges figure system must include tools to account budgets, manage variance and generate m onetary reports. The budget forecast is designed to estimate revenue and expenses to its income center, administrative cost structure, and its academic schedule. The income center budget includes enrollments, revenue, and expenses by academic period. Administrative expenses include administrative costs per student and personnel pay errs. The budget should also include financial report to show if the institution is profitable. Statements such as hard currency flow statements, gain income, and quietus sheet should all be included.The budget must also be flexible enough in case that their projections arent accurate. They should be easily accessible so that managers can routinely check if their performance is above, below, or even on target. To determine if the institution is on track with its budget and strategic plans, they would measure their half-dozen categories in their budget to get a better picture of the institutions performance. They are new students, enrollment, cost per formance, revenue, net income, and cash flow. This way they would also be able to measure the efficiency of their institution also.The goal for Not-For-Profit Colleges is to provide students with higher education and help them advance in a particular field. Not-For-Profit Colleges are traditional college such as community colleges, state universities, and liberal arts colleges. These institutions gain funding to provide their services from the political sympathies subsidy, tuition fees, and donations. All the income that are authorized is strictly used for institution purposes. Some examples are professors, staff, maintenance, utilities, or even computers that the school needs and student needs.All the money is given back to the institution in some way. The professors hired at a Not-For-Profit College design their own courses and create their own course curriculum and lesson plan. They can provide the education in their courses with their own individual styles and lesson plans. Th e professors are at a lower place the guidance of the Board of Trustees, which is composed of different representatives that make decisions for the college. Not-For-Profit colleges are mainly to provide education for the student who are enrolled in their institution.The classes are usually on a campus in which the student spends a majority of their time at. The board of Trustees localisees on improving their campus for the student. The Board of Trustees is constantly making decisions from an academic, campus, and efficiency perspective in order to provide the best possible service for their students. Not-For-Profit Colleges select their students through a vigorous and selective process. Students usually announce interest in attending the college and hence the college decides if the student would be a good fit for the college. afterward being accepted, the student would be able to earn a scholarship to help with the room and board that the college charges. Not-For-Profit Colleges are selective of the students since they strive to dress students who would fit the reputation of the institution. This selective process allow college to focus on the needs of the students that are a good match for the college. From an accounting perspective Not-For-Profit colleges follow the rules of political Accounting Standards Board who is responsible for Generally Accepted Accounting Principles used by the United States.The establishmental Accounting Standards Board issues statements that deal with the accounting principles and financial reporting rules of government and former(a) Not-For-Profit organizations. Like all Not-For-Profit organization, these college contribute without expecting commensurate returns. Their main purpose is to provide education to the students that enroll in their school. Most of their income for these colleges come from the tuitions and fees they receive from their student. Other income comes from donation and government subsidies.When a Not-For -Profit College receives tuition payments and fees in full from students the college is supposed to record it at a gross amount, as any revenue would be recorded. If a student meets reliable criterion that allows them to attend a publicly funded not-for-profit institution, tuition whitethorn be waived in the form of a tuition waiver. Tuition Waivers are reported as a contra-revenue account reducing the revenue account. If the college has any debts, they are recorded just as businesses record them as the debts are recorded with institutional go for expenses.Students may pay for college with scholarships which are essentially amounts contributed for the education of a selected individual. Scholarships are given for a range of reasons including high academic standing, membership in certain societies, or awards. However there are two main sources of scholarships which are an outside presenter or the scholarship is awarded by the college itself. If the scholarship is from an outside d onor the not-for-profit college simply collects the amount due from the donor.If the scholarship is awarded by the college itself the accountant reduces the colleges accounts receivable. This reduction in the accounts receivable is recorded as an expense to education and general student aid. Certain expenses of a not-for-profit college are open net assets classified as instruction expense, research expense, public service expense, academic support, student services, institutional support, operation and maintenance of plant and student aid. Not-For-Profit Colleges cannot operate on tuition fees alone as all the money is immediately put into the school.Fortunately as a Not-For-Profit organization these colleges may receive governmental subsidies as support revenue. There are two types of government subsidies classified as unrestricted and restricted. unrestricted subsidies are intended for the college to use in general operations. The Board of Trustees also has the power to decide whether a subsidy is unrestricted. Restricted subsidies can be split into any temporarily or permanently. These subsidies often are given for a certain purpose such as an expansion or special project.The restrictions on these subsidies refer to the amount that can be spent and when it can be spent. Sometimes the government may also provide students with grants, which are similar to scholarships in the sense that they are provided to help students reach their financial needs for school. Government grants can both be state or federal and come from government programs such as Pell or the Federal Supplemental Education Opportunity Grant. Similar to scholarships the college may either distribute the cash to the proper students or receive the amount that is to be distributed.If the college decides to receive the grant then it is recorded as a liability in the Grant Funds Held for Students account. Not-For-Profit colleges usually also have an endowment fund which is used to help finance t he operating expenses of the organization. Aside from the general endowment the institution may also have restricted endowments intended for specific purposes such as professorships, scholarships or fellowships. For cash received from permanent endowments it is recorded as a contribution and the income is restricted to student aid.Any income received due to an endowment is temporarily restricted and the cash is meant to be spent on student aid. The other services that a Not-For-Profit College provides are the Auxiliary Services. The Auxiliary Services are the services and amenities of the campus. Examples of such services are residence halls, food services and the college athletic teams. These services are classified under unrestricted revenues and expenses. The total of the accounts from the auxiliary services are reported on the Statement of Activities for the College and subsidiary records are also kept.The Statement of Activities for the Not-For-Profit College will usually list the Revenues combined with Total Net Assets Released from Restrictions for Operations to get the Total Revenues and Reclassifications. The next section is usually the Expenses section followed by any Net Change in Unrestricted Assets, Temporarily Restricted Assets and finally Permanently Restricted Net Assets. The Statement of Activities is then followed by a summary on the Change in Assets for the past year. Even though the main purpose of both For-Profit and Not-For-Profit is the same, the way that they function arent necessary the same.The accounting standards and rules that they follow both are very different. in any case the rules that both colleges follow are extremely different. Both colleges have their strength and weaknesses in their way that they serve their students. The student should chose the type of college they want depending on what their needs are. If the student is looking to advance their education they should be looking for a traditional Not-For-Profit College. If they are trying to land a job that has technical skills which are required, then the For-Profit College is a better option.

Islam vs. Christianity Essay Example for Free

Islam vs. Christianity EssayChristianity and Islam save many similarities and can good be comp bed to sensation a nonher. Both trace their roots to Abraham. Both suppose in prophecy, gods messengers (apostles), revelation, scripture, the resurrection of dead, and the centrality of religious community. This stomach element is especially important. Both Christianity and Islam have a communitarian dimension what the church is to Christianity the umma is to Islam. Despite these significant similarities, however, these both world religions have a number of significant disaccordences as well. I will discuss 3 topics and go into detail about their moral teachings, roles and responsibilities (duties) and social well(p)ice issues, I will also be discussing their similarities and differences. The prophet Muhammad said I have been sent to perfect the morals. The Quran is the criterion (furqan). Anything that contradicts the Quran is not from Islam. When it comes something like div orce in the Islam religion the bible says 2231 And when you divorce women and they reach their prescribed time, and then either retain them in good fellowship or set them free with liberality, and do not retain them for injury, so that you exceed the limits, and whoever does this, he indeed is unjust to his own soul this means that God encourages the conserve and wife to appoint arbitrators as the send-off step to aid in reconciliation in the process of divorce. If the reconciliation step fails, both men and women are guaranteed their right to divorce as realized in the Quran, but the question lies in what is the procedure for each. When the man initiates a divorce, it is known as talaq. further it is different in the Christianity religion it says that the ending of the legal union between two married stack is called divorce. Throughout most ages and societies forms of divorce have existed. Divorce is an unnatural act. It states in Matthew 198-9 8 saviour replied, Moses perm itted you to divorce your wives because your hearts were hard. But it was not this way from the beginning.I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries an separate(prenominal) woman commits adultery. Also Christians believe in the concept of Original Sin which means that human bes are born as sinners, bearing the burden of the Original Sin of Adam and Eve. Muslims do not believe in the Original Sin for 2 main reasons In the Quran, God forgave Adam for what he has done, and tally to the Quran, noone should be made to bear the burden of someone elses sin or erroneousness because it is unfair. A similarity that the Islam religion and Christianity religion have is People should follow the tenner Commandments and the moral teachings of the prophets. Islam, being religion of nature, understands that human beings are born with varying gifts. As they differ in their bodies and their features so they differ in their mental and other capabilities. Islam ensures just and equitable distribution of wealth among the people and, on the other hand, provides social security to the poor and the destitute in the form of basic necessities of life. Besides that, Islam also protects the wispy from the economic exploitation by the strong. All there are various aspects and manifestations of what is called Islamic social justice. In Christianity, what then, is social justice in Biblical terms? Justice and righteousness are part of a way of life, which God expects of us as His people (see e.g. Micah 68 Ps. 117 1John 37).This stems from the kind of character, which we possess, and is in turn the reflection of what God Himself is and how He acts (1John 37). Social justice is basically the outworking of this way of life in our relationships with others. It is not an option that we whitethorn accept or avoid at our choice it is a necessary part of our practical Christian living. Peace is central to these 2 faiths. This is reflected historical ly in their use of similar greetings meaning peace be upon you pax vobiscum in Christianity, and salaam alaikum in Islam. Often, however, the greeting of peace has been meant primarily for members of ones own faith community. Each religion has its own roles and responsibilities, the Islam religion have there responsibilities for husbands and rights of the wife there are four main rolls for wifes in marriage, the first is Obeys husband on matters not against Islam, the second is Ensures the conjugal rights of the husbands this means that With respect to intimacy, a wife may not deny herself to her husband. As this is one of the reasons why Islam legalizes marriage, because in Islam sexual intimacy is only relevant strictly to husband and wife. The third is Protects husbands honor and property this includes to not receive anyone in his home whom he does not like. In case, shes entrusted with any funds, she must discharge her duty sagely and thriftily. The fourth is to manage the hou sehold and upbringing of childrens welfare.The husbands roles and responsibility is to providemahr (dowry), Serves as protector and the guardian of the wife, and Treats wife with kindness and fairness, which means to never throw vulgarity at the wife. In Christianity besides of the mans role of providing for the family and the womens role says the ability to properly manage the household it says God created for husband and wife to share in the same goals but have different roles. Together they compliment one another and work together in harmony. A similarity is that Christianity and Islam believe that people should follow the Ten Commandments and the moral teachings of the prophets. When discussing differences between Christian and Islam worship, we should also note that Muslims are very attentive not just to the interior aspects of worship but to the external aspects as well. In this Muslims have much more in common with Eastern Christianity than with Western Christianity, especial ly Protestantism. Like Eastern Christians, Muslims use their whole body in prayer. Both groups, for instance, make prostrations before God in their worship. This research project has helped/shape and strengthens my own views on another faith and my own faith, which is Christianity, I have earned a lot about Islam and I never knew that it could have some similarities to the Christian faith. When it comes to the principals, values and traditions of Christianity that I will pass on to my children and hopefully they can pass it on to theirs to keep the Christian faith going on for more generations.

Conflicts with White Settlers Essay Example for Free

Conflicts with White Settlers Essay in that location were many instances of the conflicts that occurred between white settlers and native-born Americans. The Europeans who came to the New World in the early years of their geographic expedition found native muckle who had a complex civilization with a very different ending than the Europeans did. With the clash of these two cultures, conflict was inevitable. Each culture fought to keep theirs alive and dominant. One major cause of conflict was broken treaties and promises with the settlers. This caused a lot of anger on each side. Along with broken treaties, regular invasion on one anothers land was another major cause of the conflicts.Lastly, below the belt treatment and trade negotiations were also helping the fights continue. In conclusion, the conflict between Colonists and Indians was due to the Colonists huge covetousness for power and land. Major Conflicts There were a few major conflicts with Indians that have hel d a big disperse in the history of the United States. The French and Indian War was among one of the first most pregnant conflicts with the Native Americans in the history of America. The French and British were split over what land was whose, and the Indians were split. Another contend involving Native Americans was Pontiacs War.With the French eliminated, Native Americans were left alone in their fight against British compound aggression. The Indians attacked, and fearing more tension between Native Americans and settlers, Englands King George III issued the Proclamation of 1763. This was prohibiting settlement west of the Allegheny Mountains. A few more were the Battle of Point Pleasant and the Revolutionary War even involved Native Americans. As one can see, a big part of the history of the United States of America involves the people who first called it home, Native Americans.